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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2018.tde-23072018-100514
Document
Author
Full name
Cinara Silva Feliciano
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Bollela, Valdes Roberto (President)
Falcão, Juliana Pfrimer
Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de
Silva Junior, Wilson Araújo da
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da resistência de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a drogas através de testes fenotípicos, moleculares comerciais e do sequenciamento genômico total
Keywords in Portuguese
Sequenciamento genômico
Testes de sensibilidade microbiana
Tuberculose resistente a múltiplos medicamentos
Abstract in Portuguese
A tuberculose (TB) embora passível de tratamento efetivo, ainda é um grave problema de saúde pública em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil. Nas últimas décadas houve progressos consistentes no controle da doença, porém o avanço da resistência bacilar ainda é um desafio a ser superado, já que os mecanismos da resistência são bastante complexos e não totalmente conhecidos, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento de testes de sensibilidade com elevada acurácia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as mutações gênicas de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de pacientes do Brasil e de Moçambique com doença resistente a drogas através do sequenciamento genômico total, além de descrever padrões de mutações obtidos por testes moleculares comerciais e comparar estes dados com resultados de testes fenotípicos. Estudo descritivo e transversal que incluiu 30 isolados (17 do Brasil e 13 de Moçambique), submetidos aos testes moleculares comerciais Genotype MTBDRplus®, Genotype MTBDRsl®, Xpert MTB/RIF® e teste fenotípico BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE®. Todos os isolados também foram avaliados pelo sequenciamento genômico realizado pelo Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System® e submetidos a análise de mutações que conferem resistência às drogas contra TB utilizando o TB profiler online tool. A sensibilidade e especificidade do sequenciamento genômico para detecção de resistência a rifampicina foi de 87,5% e 92,3%, respectivamente. Além disso, o sequenciamento detectou a mutação (Val170Phe) no gene rpoB em dois isolados de M. tuberculosis de Moçambique. Esta mutação não é detectada pelos testes genotípicos comerciais. A sensibilidade do sequenciamento para a isoniazida foi de 95,6% e a especificidade de 100%. Para a estreptomicina, a sensibilidade foi de 85,7% e a especificidade de 93,3%. Para o etambutol, observamos sensibilidade de 100% e especificidade de 77,2%. As mutações mais frequentes associadas à resistência à rifampicina foram a Ser450Leu e a His445Tyr no gene rpoB. Em relação à isoniazida, predominou a mutação Ser315Thr no gene katG. O sequenciamento genômico, dado seu alto poder discriminatório, tem grande potencial de fornecer informações mais acuradas sobre mecanismo gênicos da resistência bacilar, possibilitando futuramente o aprimoramento de testes diagnósticos mais precisos.
Title in English
Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to drugs through phenotypic, commercial molecular tests and whole genome sequencing
Keywords in English
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Drug-resistant tuberculosis
Whole genome equencing
Abstract in English
Although there is an effective treatment for tuberculosis (TB), it is still a serious public health problem in several countries, including Brazil. In the last decades, there has been consistent progress in disease control, but the increasing number of disease caused by resistant strains is still a challenge to be overcome, since the mechanisms of resistance are quite complex and not fully known, which difficult the development of susceptibility tests with high accuracy. The aim of this work was to characterize gene mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Brazilian and Mozambican patients with drug-resistant disease through whole genome sequencing, as well as to describe patterns of mutations obtained by commercial molecular tests and to compare these data with results of phenotypic susceptibility tests. It was a cross-sectional study that included 30 isolates (17 from Brazil and 13 from Mozambique). Commercial molecular tests Genotype MTBDRplus(TM), Genotype MTBDRsl(TM), Xpert MTB / RIF(TM) and BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE(TM) phenotypic test were performed for all isolates. All of them were also evaluated by whole genome sequencing performed by the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System(TM) and submitted to analysis of mutations that confer drug resistance against TB using the TB profiler online tool. The sensitivity and specificity of whole genome sequencing for detection rifampicin resistance was 87.5% and 92.3%, respectively. Also, whole genome sequencing detected the mutation (Val170Phe) in the rpoB gene in two isolates of M. tuberculosis from Mozambique. This mutation is not detected by commercial genotypic tests. The sensitivity of the whole genome sequencing for isoniazid was 95.6%, and the specificity was 100%. For streptomycin, the sensitivity was 85.7%, and the specificity was 93.3%. For ethambutol, we observed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 77.2%. The most frequent mutations associated with rifampicin resistance were rpoB Ser450Leu and His445Tyr. About isoniazid, the katG Ser315Thr mutation was the most frequent. Whole genome sequencing, given its high discriminatory power, has great potential to provide more accurate information about the gene mechanisms of bacilli resistance, making possible the improvement of more accurate diagnostic tests in the future.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-23
 
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