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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2017.tde-04012017-091827
Document
Author
Full name
Nathalia Lopes Schiavotelo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Serafini, Luciano Neder (President)
Bollela, Valdes Roberto
Pittella, José Eymard Homem
Title in Portuguese
Substratos neuropatológicos das alterações do sistema nervoso central relacionadas à infecção pelo HIV
Keywords in Portuguese
AIDS
Infecções oportunistas
Neuropatologia
Terapia antirretroviral de alta potência
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a mortalidade geral tenha diminuído na era da terapia antirretroviral de alta potência (TARVAP), o envolvimento do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) ainda é elevado nos pacientes com infecção pelo HIV. O estudo sobre possíveis correlações entre neuroinfecções, a presença de déficts neurocognitivos e o uso da TARVAP é importante para se avaliar os efeitos de longo prazo do tratamento com drogas antirretrovirais em uma população. Desta forma, são necessários estudos para se avaliar a neuropatologia da infecção pelo HIV e os efeitos do tratamento bem como a adesão ao mesmo. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a frequência e o tipo de infecções oportunistas e da infecção crônica pelo HIV no SNC na era pós-TARVAP, de pacientes necropsiados em um hospital universitário, no período de 2007 a 2014. Nestes casos, avaliar o substrato neuropatológico de pacientes com Aids e histórico clínico de demência. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os achados dos exames neuropatológicos de 123 encéfalos de pacientes autopsiados com AIDS no Serviço de Patologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP/USP), seus dados clínicos e respectivos os laudos necroscópicos. RESULTADOS: Dos 123 casos analisados, 73 (59,3%) eram do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 40,56 anos. Destes, 69 (56,1%) tiveram neuroinfecções causadas por agentes oportunistas, sendo a neurotoxoplasmose a mais prevalente. Da correlação entre a contagem de células CD4 e o uso da TARVAP houve diferença significativa para uma delas, àquela que foi analisada como sendo a terceira mais próxima da data do óbito (p = 0,03). Apenas 6 pacientes fizeram uso regular da TARVAP no decorrer da doença e nenhum deles apresentaram neuroinfecções durante o tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Podemos concluir que mesmo na era pós TARVAP as infecções no SNC causadas por agentes infecciosos permanecem presentes e no caso da população estudada podem estar correlacionadas com a baixa adesão ao tratamento.
Title in English
Neuropathological substrates of the central nervous system changes related to HIV infection
Keywords in English
AIDS
HAART
Neuropathology
Opportunistic infections
Abstract in English
RATIONALE: Although overall mortality has decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is still high in patients with HIV infection. The study of possible correlations between neuroinfections, the presence of neurocognitive payment deficits and the use of HAART is important to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment with antiretroviral drugs in a population. Thus, studies are needed to evaluate the neuropathology of infection by HIV and the treatment effects and it adhesion. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the changes caused by opportunistic infections and chronic HIV infection in the CNS in the post-HAART era of autopsied patients at a university hospital, from 2007 to 2014. In these cases, assess the neuropathologic of AIDS patients and clinical history of dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The findings of neuropathological examinations of 123 brains of patients were analyzed autopsied AIDS in Hospital Pathology Service of the Clinics of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (HCFMRP / USP) clinical data and their postmortem reports. RESULTS: The 123 cases analyzed, 73 (59.3%) were male and the average age was 40.56 years. Of these 69 (56,1%) had neuroinfections caused by opportunistic agents, toxoplasmosis being the most prevalent. The correlation between CD4 cell count and use of HAART were no significant differences for one of them to that which was analyzed as being the closest third of the date of death (p = 0.03). Only 6 patients made regular use of HAART during the disease and none of them showed neuroinfections during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that even in the post HAART era CNS infections caused by infectious agents remain present and in the case of the studied population can be correlated with low adherence to the treatment.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-04-13
 
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