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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2024.tde-13052024-152548
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Luiza Arrojo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Panepucci, Rodrigo Alexandre (President)
Gualandro, Sandra Fatima Menosi
Pinto, Ana Cristina Silva
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento e validação de um novo método de citometria de fluxo para a quantificação do conteúdo de hemoglobina fetal em glóbulos vermelhos e sua potencial aplicação clínica na doença falciforme
Keywords in Portuguese
Citometria de fluxo
Doença falciforme
Hematologia
Hemoglobina fetal
Abstract in Portuguese
A base do tratamento da DF continua sendo a hidroxiuréia, a qual induz a HbF, que inibe a polimerização da HbS mutante e a consequente falcização. Porém, os exames laboratoriais que avaliam a indução da HbF não permitem quantificar a % de GVs efetivamente protegidos (%GVprot), i.e. aqueles com conteúdo de HbF (cHbF)>10pg/GV. Enquanto a cromatografia (HPLC) determina a % de HbF dentre a Hb no sangue (%HbF), a citometria de fluxo clássica (CFc) fornece a % de GVs HbF+ (%Fcell), incluindo GVs com pouquíssima HbF. Desenvolvemos um método inédito de CF quantitativa (CFq) que utiliza um controle celular interno, composto por amostras de sangue de cordão umbilical (SCU) e de adulto com os conteúdos médios de HbF (MCHbF) conhecidos, permitindo que a distribuição de cHbF/GV na população seja determinada, incluindo a %GVprot. Objetivo. Validar o método e demonstrar seu potencial aplicação clínica na DF. Métodos. O MCHbF de 9 amostras de SCU foram pré-calculados, multiplicando a %HbF pelo respectivo MCH obtido com um analisador hematológico, e comparados com o MCHbF derivado por CFq, de forma a avaliar a correlação e a linearidade do método. Um total de 40 amostras de 29 pacientes com DF (SS) tiveram seus dados hematimétricos e a %GVprot determinados. Destas, foram obtidas a %Fcell (n=27) e a %HbF (n=15), totalizando 12 amostras caracterizadas por todos os métodos, os quais foram avaliados quanto à correlação entre si e com os dados hematimétricos. A Hb foi utilizada para dividir as 27 amostras entre pacientes com baixo (n=9) ou alto (n=18) risco clínico (Hb<9/dL), e a capacidade da %Fcell e da %GVprot em predizer corretamente os pacientes de alto risco foram comparadas com base na área sob a curva ROC (AUC). Resultados. Os valores de MCHbF derivados por CFq das amostras de SCU se correlacionaram significativamente com os pré-calculados (Pearson r=0,83; p=0,002). Das 12 amostras de pacientes caracterizadas por todos os métodos, as 10 com %HbF>10% tiveram %Fcell>99%. Em contraste, a %GVprot se correlacionou fortemente e de forma linear ao longo de todas as %HbF (r=0,89; p<0,0001). Em linha, tanto a %HbF como a %GVprot apresentaram correlações significativas positivas com o No de GVs (RBC), Hb, e hematócrito (Ht), e negativas com a % de reticulócitos (%Ret) e com a amplitude de distribuição dos GVs (RDW); porém, %Fcell se correlacionou apenas com Ht. Digno de nota, foram identificadas tanto amostras com %HbF similares e %GVprot diferentes, como o inverso, destacando a capacidade exclusiva do método CFq de avaliar os diferentes padrões de distribuição do cHbF na população de GVs destes pacientes. Ao considerar as 27 amostras avaliadas quanto à %Fcell, esta se correlacionou apenas com Hb e RDW (adicionalmente), porém, a %GVprot se correlacionou (adicionalmente) positivamente com MCHC, e negativamente com No de GBs (WB), No de Ret (Ret abs), e % de Ret imaturos (IRF). Finalmente, o potencial da %GVprot de predizer os pacientes com alto risco foi muito superior (AUC=0,969 e p<0,0001) à da %Fcell (AUC=0,873 e p=0,0019), com uma sensibilidade de 94,4% e uma especificidade de 88,9%, considerando %GVprot<65% como valor de corte.
Title in English
Development and validation of a new flow cytometry method for quantifying fetal hemoglobin content in red blood cells and its potential clinical application in sickle cell disease
Keywords in English
Fetal hemoglobin
Flow cytometry
Hematology
Sickle cell disease
Abstract in English
The basis of SCD treatment continues to be hydroxyurea, which induces HbF, which inhibits the polymerization of mutant HbS and the consequent sickling. However, laboratory tests that evaluate HbF induction do not allow quantifying the % of effectively protected RBCs (%GVprot), i.e. those with HbF content (cHbF)>10pg/RBC. While chromatography (HPLC) determines the % of HbF among Hb in the blood (%HbF), classical flow cytometry (CFc) provides the % of HbF+ RBCs (%Fcell), including RBCs with very little HbF. We developed an unprecedented method of quantitative CF (CFq) that uses an internal cellular control, composed of umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult samples with known mean HbF content (MCHbF), allowing the distribution of cHbF/RBC in the population is determined, including %RBCprot. Goal. Validate the method and demonstrate its potential clinical application in FD. Methods. The MCHbF of 9 UCB samples were pre-calculated, multiplying the %HbF by the respective MCH obtained with a hematological analyzer, and compared with the MCHbF derived by CFq, in order to evaluate the correlation and linearity of the method. A total of 40 samples from 29 patients with SCD (SS) had their hematimetric data and %RBCprot determined. Of these, %Fcell (n=27) and %HbF (n=15) were obtained, totaling 12 samples characterized by all methods, which were evaluated for correlation with each other and with hematimetric data. Hb was used to divide the 27 samples between patients with low (n=9) or high (n=18) clinical risk (Hb<9/dL), and the ability of %Fcell and %GVprot to correctly predict patients high-risk patients were compared based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results. The CFq-derived MCHbF values of the UCB samples significantly correlated with the pre-calculated ones (Pearson r=0,83; p=0,002). Of the 12 patient samples characterized by all methods, the 10 with %HbF>10% had %Fcell>99%. In contrast, %RBCprot correlated strongly and linearly across all %HbF (r=0.89; p<0.0001). In line, both %HbF and %RBCprot showed significant positive correlations with the number of RBCs (RBC), Hb, and hematocrit (Ht), and negative correlations with the % of reticulocytes (%Ret) and with the distribution amplitude of RBCs. GVs (RDW); however, %Fcell correlated only with Ht. Of note, both samples with similar %HbF and different %RBCprot were identified, as well as the opposite, highlighting the unique ability of the CFq method to evaluate different cHbF distribution patterns in the RBC population of these patients. When considering the 27 samples evaluated for %Fcell, this correlated only with Hb and RDW (additionally), however, %GVprot correlated (additionally) positively with MCHC, and negatively with No of GBs (WB), No of Ret (Ret abs), and % of immature Ret (IRF). Finally, the potential of %GVprot to predict high-risk patients was much higher (AUC=0.969 and p<0.0001) than that of %Fcell (AUC=0.873 and p=0.0019), with a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 88.9%, considering %RBC<65% as a cutoff value.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-10
 
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