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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2023.tde-11042024-111716
Document
Author
Full name
Daniel Abreu Santos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Marques, Vanessa Daccach (President)
Rodrigues, Maria Carolina de Oliveira
Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoiéticas no tratamento de esclerose múltipla
Keywords in Portuguese
Esclerose múltipla
Transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoiéticas
Transplante de medula óssea
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A Esclerose Múltipla (EM) é a doença inflamatória autoimune mais prevalente do sistema nervoso central. Até o momento, não existe cura para a doença. Entretanto, nas últimas décadas, diversas estratégias e terapias vêm sendo desenvolvidas, entre elas, a ablação do sistema imune seguido pelo transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoiéticas (AHSCT). Estudos nacionais que utilizaram o AHSCT no tratamento de pacientes com EM envolvem número pequeno de pacientes, tornando necessário aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a eficácia do AHSCT no tratamento da EM, utilizando para isso dados da maior coorte histórica nacional nos últimos 20 anos. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia e o impacto do AHSCT no tratamento de pacientes com EM e sua associação com incapacidade, aferida pelo EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale); taxa anualizada de surtos (ARR); ressonância magnética como biomarcador de atividade de doença; estado de não evidência de atividade de doença (NEDA) em uma coorte brasileira. Metodologia: Estudo com desenho misto do tipo observacional descritivo e analítico através de coorte retrospectiva com duração de 15 anos, no qual foram incluídos pacientes com EM submetidos ao AHSCT no período de 2002 a 2019 pertencentes ao Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Resultados: a amostra total foi de 99 pacientes, sendo 38 pacientes (38%) da forma clínicas remitente recorrente (EMRR), 15 pacientes (15%) da forma primariamente progressiva (EMPP) e 46 pacientes (46%) da forma secundariamente progressiva (EMSP), que utilizaram regime de condicionamento com BEAM/ATG (12%) e Ciclofosfamida/ATG (88%). A mediana do EDSS antes do procedimento foi de 6,0 (Amplitude interquartil [AIQ]; 4,5 - 6,5), com evolução dos valores para 5,0 (AIQ; 4,25 - 6,5) ao final do 1° ano de seguimento, 6,0 (AIQ; 4,88 - 6,5) entre o 1° e 5° ano de seguimento; 6,5 (AIQ 6,0 - 7,12) entre o 5° e 10° ano; 6,5 (6,0 - 7,0) entre o 10° e 15° ano. A mediana da ARR foi 0,0 (AIQ; 0,0 - 0,0) durante todo seguimento. A incidência da atividade radiológica foi 5.4%, 12%, 27% e 4.3% ao fim do 1° ano, entre o 1° e 5° ano, entre o 5° e 10° ano e entre o 10° e 15° ano, respectivamente. A taxa de não evidência de atividade de doença (NEDA) foi de 72% ao fim do primeiro ano, 35% entre o 1° e 5° ano, 16% entre o 5° e 10° ano e 8.7% entre o 10° e 15° ano. A taxa de mortalidade (TRM) em 100 dias foi 3%, estando associada ao regime de condicionamento com BEAM/ATG (p=0.001). 33% dos pacientes necessitaram do uso de terapia adicional durante o seguimento por falha terapêutica. Conclusão: Nossos resultados demonstraram maior benefício do transplante nos desfechos clínicos avaliados a curto prazo, com redução das taxas de NEDA ao longo do tempo. Concluímos que o AHSCT pode ser uma opção terapêutica no tratamento de pacientes portadores de EM em centros especializados.
Title in English
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis
Keywords in English
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Bone marrow transplantation
Multiple sclerosis
Abstract in English
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. So far, there is no cure for the disease, however, in recent decades, several strategies and therapies have been developed, including the ablation of the immune system followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). National studies that used AHSCT in the treatment of patients with MS involve a small number of patients, making it necessary to deepen knowledge about the effectiveness of AHSCT in the treatment of MS, using data from the largest national historical cohort in the last 20 years. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and the impact of AHSCT in the treatment of patients with MS and its association with disability, measured by the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale); annualized relapse rate (ARR); magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker of disease activity; status of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) in a Brazilian cohort. Method: Study with a mixed design of observational, descriptive and analytical type through a retrospective cohort lasting 15 years, in which patients with MS who underwent AHSCT in the period from 2002 to 2019 who are part of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. Results: The total sample consisted of 99 patients, 38 patients (38%) with relapsing-remitting form (RRMS), 15 patients with primarily progressive form (PPMS) and 46 patients with secondary progressive form (SPMS), who used a conditioning regimen with BEAM/ATG (12%) and Cyclophosphamide/ATG (88%). The median EDSS at baseline was 6.0 (Interquartile range [IQR]; 4.5 - 6.5), with values evolving to 5.0 (IQR 4.25 - 6.5) at the end of the 1st year of follow-up, 6.0 (4.88, 6.5) between the 1st and 5th year of follow-up ; 6.5 (IQR; 6.0 - 7.12) between 5th and 10th year of follow-up; 6.5 (AIQ; 6.0 - 7.0) between 10th and 15th year of follow-up. The median ARR was 0.0 (IQR; 0.0 - 0.0) throughout follow-up. The incidence of radiological activity was 5.4%, 12%, 27% and 4.3% at the end of the 1st year, between the 1st and 5th year, between the 5th and 10th year and between the 10th and 15th year, respectively. The rate of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) was 72% at the end of the first year, 35% between the 1st and 5th year, 16% between the 5th and 10th year, and 8.7% between the 10th and 15th year. The mortality rate (TRM) at 100 days was 3%, being associated with the conditioning regimen with BEAM/ATG (p=0.001). 33% of patients required the use of additional therapy during follow-up due to treatment failure. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a greater benefit of transplantation in clinical outcomes evaluated in the short term, with a reduction in NEDA rates over time. We conclude that AHSCT can be a therapeutic option in the treatment of patients with MS in specialized centers.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-17
 
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