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Master's Dissertation
Document
Author
Full name
Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 1999
Supervisor
Committee
Rocha, Odete (President)
Bernardo, Luiz di
Piveli, Roque Passos
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização do material particulado em pré-filtros para o tratamento de águas de abastecimento
Keywords in Portuguese
mantas sintéticas
material particulado
pré-filtração
Abstract in Portuguese
Pré-filtros de areia grossa e pedregulho são geralmente utilizados para tratamento inicial da água bruta, visando adequar as características da mesma para posterior tratamento através da filtração lenta em areia. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em um sistema piloto de pré-filtros de fluxo ascendente onde foram testadas diferentes combinações de mantas, mantendo-se a taxa de filtração 24'm POT.3/m POT.2' dia, tendo como principal objetivo caracterizar qualitativa e quantitativamente o material particulado presente na água do efluente e do afluente além do material particulado retido entre ou aderido aos grãos de areia do leito. Ambas, a água afluente e a água efluente dos pré-filtros foram caracterizados física, química e biologicamente, através de medidas de turbidez, cor, pH, temperatura, conteúdo de carbono orgânico total e pigmentos. A densidade e o tamanho das partículas foram determinadas através do contador eletrônico de partículas "Coulter-Counter" e por microscopia ótica. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a utilização de mantas sintéticas no topo dos pré-filtros de fluxo ascendente reduzem a densidade das partículas efluentes, além de limitar o desenvolvimento de algas e metozoários, que foram bastante raros no interior do pré-filtro e na água efluente. As partículas predominantes no leito do filtro, a diferentes subcamadas amostradas foram predominantemente os agregados de matéria orgânica detrital com bactérias. Pela análise microscópica obteve-se que em todos os experimentos predominaram partículas com tamanho entre 24 e 58 um, nos interstícios do leito de areia do pré-filtro. Na água efluente e afluente dos pré-filtros invariavelmente predominaram as partículas de tamanho entre 1 e 3um como determinadas pelas contagens através do "Coulter-Counter". Os resultados indicam que para as diferentes combinações de mantas testadas neste estudo, as características do material particulado são similares
Title in English
Characterization of particulate matter en the pre-filters for water supply treatment
Keywords in English
non-woven fabrics
particulate matter
pre-filtration
Abstract in English
Coarse-grain pre-fílters are generally used as a previous treatment to adequate the characteristics of the raw water to a posterio slow sand filtration treatment. The present work was developed en a pilot system of up-flow pre-fírters where different combinations of non-woven fabrics were placed on the top surface of the sand layer and a filtration rate of 24 m3/m2,day apptied. The main objecüve of the study was to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the particulate matter in the afluent, efluent and intersticial water of the pre-filter sand bed. Both the afluent and eftuent water to the pre-fílters were characterized physicalty, chemically and biologically, by measuring the turbidrty, colour, pH, temperature, total organic carbon and pigment contents. Density and size distribution of particles were determined by a Coulter Counter and by microscopy analysis. The results obtained reveat that the use of sinthetic fabrics reduce the density of particles in the efluent and are limiting to Üie development of algae and protozoans, which were rare inside the pre-filter bed. The dominant particles in the sand bed at different depths were the aglomerates detritus organic matter and bactéria. From the microscopy analysis it was shown that for ali experiments partictes with size between 24 and 58 um predominates. For the afluent and efíuent water the domínant partides were between 1 and 3 um as characterized by Coulter Counter counts. The results also indicate that for the combination of non-woven fabrics used the particulate matter was very similar.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-06-18
 
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