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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.1997.tde-19072024-094646
Document
Author
Full name
Lívia Cristina Holmo Villela Oliva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Foresti, Eugenio (President)
Cordeiro, João Sérgio
Pires, Eduardo Cleto
Piveli, Roque Passos
Sperling, Marcos von
Title in Portuguese
Tratamento de esgotos sanitários com reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB) protótipo : desempenho e respostas dinâmicas às sobrecargas hidráulicas
Keywords in Portuguese
.
Abstract in Portuguese
Os resultados obtidos durante operação de um reator anaeróbico de manta de lodo (UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket), tratando esgotos sanitários, são apresentados e discutidos nesta tese. O reator de 18 'm POT.3', em fibra de vidro, encontra-se instalado no Campus da USP de São Carlos. Inicialmente procedeu-se a caracterização dos esgotos sanitários, que se apresentaram bastante concentrados. Dentre os constituintes dos esgotos, observou-se forte predominância de Proteínas. Constataram-se variações incomuns nos parâmetros analisados, tanto horárias quanto diárias. No período de partida, o reator foi operado com vazão constante, tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de 16 horas, e taxa de aplicação volumétrica média de 1,3 kg DQO/'m POT.3'.d. O reator não foi inoculado. O período de partida observado foi de cerca de 5 meses. O reator operou em condições de equilíbrio dinâmico com TDH de 8 horas, e taxa de aplicação volumétrica média de 2,7 kg DQO/'m POT.3'.d. Durante esse período as eficiências médias de remoção de DQO variaram de 71 a 83%. Constatou-se eficiências médias de remoção de Carboidratos (80 a 93%), Proteínas (61 a 85%) e Lipídios (75 a 94%). Durante os ensaios de respostas dinâmicas às sobrecargas hidráulicas, o reator foi operado aplicando-se vazões cinquenta e cem por cento superiores às vazões de operação normal. Para a aplicação do dobro da vazão normal de operação, observou-se resposta, através de aumento imediato de DQO, até que esse pulso fosse interrompido. Com a aplicação de vazões cinqüenta por cento superiores à vazão normal de operação foram observados efeitos menores, porém persistentes. Os resultados obtidos, ao longo de 14 meses de monitoramento do reator UASB, permitem que este seja considerado como alternativa tecnicamente viável, e confiável para o tratamento de esgotos sanitários. No entanto, para reatores UASB em que não estão previstas unidades de pós-tratamento, recomenda-se ) que se utilize alguma forma de amortização dos picos de vazão do esgoto, evitando-se desta forma os efeitos negativos de sobrecargas hidráulicas
Title in English
.
Keywords in English
.
Abstract in English
he results of the operation of a UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor for domestic sewage treatment are presented and discussed in this thesis. The 18 m3 reactor, J constructed in fiberglass, is Iocated inside the Campus of São Carlos - USP. Initially the domestic sewage was characterized and was found to be considerably concentrated. Among the constituents of the sewage, Proteins were predominantly observed. The hourly and daily variations observed for the parameters analyzed were not typical. The reactor was operated with constant flow, hydraulic detention time of 16 hours and volumetric loading rate of 1.3 kg COD/m3 , during start-up period. The reactor was not inoculated. A five month start-up period was observed. During stationary operation conditions, the hydraulic detention time was 8 hours and the volumetric loading rate 2.7 kg DQO/m3 .d. The mean COD reduction efficiencies varied from 71 to 83% during this period. Carbohydrates mean reduction efficiencies (80 to 93%), Proteins mean reduction efficiencies (61 to 85%) and Lipids mean reduction efficiencies (74 to 94%) were also observed. During the tests of dynamic response to hydraulic overloads the reactor was operated with fifty and one hundred percent of flow rate increase, compared to the normal flow rate applied to the reactor. The hundred per cent increase, promoted arí ímmediate increase in effluent COD, until the reestablishment of flow rate to normal. The fifty per cent increase showed persistent but smaller effects on the performance of the reactor. The results obtained after 14 months of monitoring of the UASB reactor, support its application as a reliable and technically viable alternative for domestic sewage treatment. Ifthe UASB reactor's effluent would not be subjected to furthet treatment, peak flow rate retention is recommended to avoid possible negative effects due to hydraulic overloads.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-19
 
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