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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2023.tde-22082023-141835
Document
Author
Full name
Fernanda Garibaldi Barreto de Oliveira Batista
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Pfeiffer, Roberto Augusto Castellanos (President)
Bagnoli, Vicente
Camilo Junior, Ruy Pereira
Domingues, Juliana Oliveira
Miragem, Bruno Nubens Barbosa
Rivera, Amanda Athayde Linhares Martins
Title in Portuguese
A institucionalização do Sistema de Pagamentos Brasileiro e os desafios de uma regulação financeira pró-competitiva
Keywords in Portuguese
Antitruste
Concorrência
Estabilidade
Fintechs
Inovação
Regulação financeira
Regulação Prudencial
Risco sistêmico
Sistema Brasileiro de Pagamentos
Sistemas de pagamento
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho reconstrói a formação regulatória do Sistema de Pagamentos Brasileiro (SPB), sua estrutura, características, participantes e funcionamento, à luz de novos fenômenos monetários, surgidos a partir da emergência de empresas de tecnologia atuantes no setor financeiro, denominadas fintechs. Para isso, inicialmente, investiga o conceito, funções, atributos e tipos de moeda existentes nos sistemas de pagamento de varejo, bem como a estrutura e dinâmica competitiva do mercado de meios de pagamento, objeto de intervenção regulatória das autoridades concorrenciais e financeiras, que abriam o mercado à competição nas últimas duas décadas no Brasil. O objeto da pesquisa, então, é investigar o caminho traçado até aqui, bem como os desafios contemporâneos postos à regulação financeira e de pagamentos, com intuito de demonstrar como a articulação entre autoridades de defesa da concorrência e reguladores financeiros foi determinante para a modulação de um mercado de meios de pagamentos mais competitivo, a partir da promulgação da Lei no 12.865/2013, que determinou a competência do Conselho Monetário Nacional e do Banco Central do Brasil para a regulação dos arranjos e instituições de pagamento de varejo no país. No entanto, considerando que o mercado de meios de pagamento brasileiro segue, relativamente, concentrado e verticalizado, a pesquisa aponta que o tradicional dilema entre promover concorrência e atrair instabilidade para o setor financeiro pode ser mitigado por uma abordagem regulatória pró-competitiva, mais flexível e proporcional aos riscos específicos ensejados pelas instituições e fintechs de pagamento, tendo em vista que a competição é também uma ferramenta de disciplina da conduta dos agentes econômicos no mercado, que se reveste de caráter prudencial relevante para a estabilidade do sistema financeiro. O que se advoga no presente trabalho, portanto, é que para promover competição no mercado de meios de pagamento, além de uma regulação financeira pró-competitiva, é preciso compatibilizar regulação prudencial e política de defesa da concorrência, em benefício da inovação, inclusão financeira e contestabilidade do mercado.
Title in English
The institutionalization of the Brazilian Payments System and the challenges of a pro-competitive financial regulation.
Keywords in English
Antitrust
Brazilian Payment System
Competition
Financial regulation
Fintechs
Innovation
Payment
Prudential egulation
Stability
Systemic risk
Systems
Abstract in English
The present work reconstructs the regulatory formation of the Brazilian Payment System (SPB), its structure, characteristics, participants, and functioning, in the light of new monetary phenomena, arising from the emergence of technology companies operating in the financial sector, called fintechs. For this, it initially investigates the concept, functions, attributes, and types of currency existing in retail payment systems, as well as the structure and competitive dynamics of the payment market, object of regulatory intervention by competition and financial authorities, which opened the market to competition in the last two decades in Brazil. The object of the research, then, is to investigate the path traced so far, as well as the contemporary challenges posed to financial and payment regulation, with the aim of demonstrating how the articulation between antitrust authorities and financial regulators was decisive for the modulation of a more competitive payment market, from the enactment of Law n. 12,865/2013, which determined the competence of the National Monetary Council and the Central Bank of Brazil to regulate retail payment arrangements and payment institutions in the country. However, considering that the Brazilian payment market remains relatively concentrated and verticalized, the research points out that the traditional dilemma between promoting competition and attracting instability to the financial sector can be mitigated by a more flexible, pro-competitive regulatory approach and proportional to the specific risks posed by payment institutions and fintechs, bearing in mind that competition is also a tool to discipline the conduct of economic agents in the market, which is of a prudential nature relevant to the stability of the financial system. What is advocated in this work, therefore, is that, to promote competition in the payment market, in addition to pro-competitive financial regulation, it is necessary to reconcile prudential regulation and competition defense policy, to the benefit of innovation, financial inclusion and market contestability.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-06-17
 
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