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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.2.2012.tde-05122012-162249
Document
Author
Full name
Marcelo Mazotti
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Caggiano, Monica Herman Salem (President)
Ferreira Filho, Manoel Goncalves
Lembo, Claudio Salvador
Title in Portuguese
Jurisdição constitucional e ativismo judiciário: análise comparativa entre a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasileiro e a Suprema Corte estadunidense
Keywords in Portuguese
Controle da constitucionalidade
Direito constitucional
Poder judiciário
Separação de poderes
Abstract in Portuguese
O ativismo judicial é um fenômeno complexo estudado no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, geralmente designado como a interferência dos Tribunais nas políticas públicas. Este fenômeno, aparentemente se contradiz com a separação dos poderes e a vontade legislativa democrática expressa em suas Constituições e leis. A presente dissertação visa comparar como o ativismo judicial se manifesta no Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro e na Suprema Corte estadunidense, avaliando suas diferenças e semelhanças. O poder de controle de constitucionalidade, realizado sobre cláusulas constitucionais abertas, permitiu que ambas as Cortes proferissem decisões de natureza política em inúmeras oportunidades, sendo difícil (ou até mesmo impossível) asseverar se elas se distanciaram da correta interpretação da Constituição, haja vista seus preceitos flexíveis e abstratos. Os presentes juízes da Suprema Corte têm atuado com autocontenção nas últimas décadas, diminuindo os impulsos ativistas atribuídos às Cortes de Warren e Burger. Ao contrário do Brasil, onde a Constituição de 1988 e as leis recentes aumentaram significativamente o poder do Supremo Tribunal Federal, e seus membros tem utilizado-os sem hesitação.
Title in English
Constitutional jurisdiction and judicial activism: a comparative of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Tribunal and the American Supreme Court.
Keywords in English
Constitutional jurisdiction
Democracy and judicial power
Judicial activism
Judicial review
Separation of powers
Supreme Court
Supreme Federal Tribunal
Abstract in English
Judicial activism is a complex phenomenon studied both in Brazil and in the United States of America, which usually means court´s interference in public policies. Such phenomenon apparently contradicts to the separation of powers and the democratic legislative will set forth by the Brazilian and American Constitutions and statutes. This dissertation compares how the judicial activism manifests itself in the Brazilian Supreme Federal Tribunal and in the American Supreme Court, examining its differences and similarities. Judicial review based on constitutional open clauses allowed such Courts to make polemic decisions and of political nature in many cases. However it is difficult (rather impossible) to affirm whether such decisions depart from the correct interpretation of both Constitutions due to their flexible and abstract norms. The current Supreme Court´s justices have acted with self-restrained in the late decades, easing the activists impulses accredit to the Warren and Burger´s Courts. In contrast the 1988 brazilian Constitution and its subsequent statutes increased the powers of the Supreme Federal Tribunal and its members are exercising them with no hesitation.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-12-13
 
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