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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2019.tde-23082023-150841
Document
Author
Full name
Caio Santiago Fernandes Santos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Campilongo, Celso Fernandes (President)
Bercovici, Gilberto
Boito Junior, Armando
Bucci, Maria Paula Dallari
Minhoto, Laurindo Dias
Santos, Maria Cecilia Mac Dowell dos
Title in Portuguese
Constituição, tribunais e transformação social: uma análise da experiência brasileira pós-1988
Keywords in Portuguese
Democracia
neoliberalismo
sociologia dos tribunais
Supremo Tribunal Federal
transformação social
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo geral desta tese é analisar a atuação dos tribunais em processos de transformação social no período de 1988 a 2018 no Brasil. Com base na obra de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, propõe-se que as seguintes variáveis influenciam a atuação dos tribunais: i) grau de autonomia do Estado brasileiro nas relações internacionais; ii) força e agenda dos grandes grupos econômicos brasileiros; iii) força de movimentos sociais; iv) desenho institucional e perfil dos magistrados; e v) distintas teorias do direito. À luz desse quadro teórico, desenvolve-se uma análise panorâmica da atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre temas de transformação social em diferentes contextos políticos: o neoliberalismo (1990 a 2003), o neodesenvolvimentismo (2004 a 2014) e a crise política (2015 a 2018). Por meio da análise de acórdãos de julgamentos emblemáticos do STF, são reunidas evidências empíricas para sustentar uma correlação entre a atuação do tribunal e as variáveis elencadas, com primazia para a primeira e a segunda. Além do panorama, desenvolve-se também um estudo aprofundado sobre as decisões do STF no Habeas Corpus 126.292 e na Medida Cautelar das Ações Declaratórias de Constitucionalidade 43 e 44, as quais restringiram o direito individual à presunção de inocência. Por meio da análise dos processos judiciais, de documentos diversos e de entrevistas de profissionais do direito, demonstra-se no estudo de caso que ocorreram fortes pressões de interesses internacionais e de grandes grupos econômicos brasileiros, as quais contribuíram para uma atuação informal e conservadora do tribunal, que contribuiu para a agenda neoliberal.
Title in English
Constitution, courts and social transformation: an analysis of the post 1988 Brazilian experience.
Keywords in English
Brazilian Supreme Court
democracy
neoliberalism
social transformation
sociology of courts
Abstract in English
The general objective of this thesis is to analyze the Brazilian courts' action in social transformation processes from 1988 to 2018. Drawing on the work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, it proposes that the following variables influence the performance of Courts: i) degree of autonomy of the Brazilian State in international relations; ii) strength and agenda of the great Brazilian economic groups; iii) strength of social movements; iv) institutional design and preferences of judges; and v) different law theories. In light of this theoretical framework, it develops a panoramic analysis of the Brazilian Supreme Court's performance on social transformation issues in different political contexts: neoliberalism (1990 to 2003), neodevelopmentism (2004 to 2014) and political crisis (2015 to 2018). Based on the analysis of emblematic judicial decisions, it gathers empirical evidence to support a correlation between the Court's performance and the mentioned variables, with primacy to the first and second. In addition to the panorama, an in-depth study on the Brazilian Supreme Courts decisions in Habeas Corpus 126,292 and in Declaratory Constitutional Actions 43 and 44 is carried out, which have restricted the individual right of presumption of innocence. Through the analysis of judicial processes, documents and interviews with law professionals, this case study demonstrates that there were strong pressures from international interests and large Brazilian economic groups, which contributed to an informal and conservative court intervention that contributed to the neoliberal agenda.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-10-23
 
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