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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.21.2020.tde-20092022-152527
Document
Author
Full name
Lucas Cruz Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Montone, Rosalinda Carmela (President)
Cunha, Larissa Schmauder Teixeira da
Petry, Maria Virgínia
Title in Portuguese
Variação Latitudinal da Concentração de Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POPs) em Aves Marinhas de Ilhas Oceânicas no Atlântico Equatorial, Sul e Antártica
Keywords in Portuguese
Antártida
Aves marinhas
Ilhas Oceânicas
Poluentes orgânicos persistentes
Abstract in Portuguese
Ambientes distantes de grandes centros contaminantes, tais como ilhas oceânicas e a Antártica, têm sentido alguns efeitos negativos da crescente atividade humana, devido à introdução de contaminantes. Destacam-se os poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs), que foram amplamente utilizados na indústria, agricultura e saúde pública, e tendem a bioacumular em organismos, sendo nocivos à biota, principalmente para predadores de topo, como algumas aves marinhas. A ocorrência e distribuição de POPs foram avaliadas em 31 ovos gorados de 7 espécies de aves marinhas que nidificam em ilhas oceânicas: Sula leucogaster (n=2) no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Onychoprion fuscatus (n=2) e Pterodroma arminjoniana (n=2) no Arquipélago de Trindade e Martin Vaz, Pygoscelis papua (n=14), Pygoscelis antarcticus (n=6), Larus dominicanus (n=3), Catharacta sp (n=2) na Ilha Rei George Antártida. Os POPs foram identificados e quantificados por cromatografia a gás com espectrometria de massas, triplo quadrupolo (GC/MS/MS). Os principais POPs foram os PCBs (1,6 a 1228) e DDTs (0,2 a 173) em ng g-1 peso úmido. Os congêneres de PCBs predominantes foram os hexaclorados para espécies que nidificam em ilhas oceânicas brasileiras, enquanto para antárticas, penta e hexaclorados predominaram para Pygoscelis e L. dominicanus, e heptaclorados para Catharacta sp. Entre os DDTs, o congênere predominante foi o p,p-DDE.. No geral, aves que nidificam em ambiente antártico apresentaram concentrações de poluentes em até três ordens de grandeza acima das que nidificam em ilhas tropicais, sendo o transporte atmosférico possivelmente o principal mecanismo de entradas de contaminantes, fatores ecológicos, como dieta e migração, representaram forte influência na concentração de poluentes orgânicos persistentes.
Title in English
Latitudinal Variation in the Concentration of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Seabirds of Oceanic Islands in the Equatorial, South Atlantic and Antarctic
Keywords in English
Antarctica
Oceanic Islands
persistent organic pollutants
seabirds
Abstract in English
In environments far from large contaminating centers, such as the oceanic islands and the Antarctic continent, some negative effects have been felt on human activity, due to the introduction of pollutants. The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) stand out, which were widely used in industry, agriculture and public health, and tend to bioaccumulate in organisms, being harmful to biota, mainly for top predators, such as some seabirds. The occurrence and distribution of POPs were evaluated in 31 hatched eggs of 7 species of seabirds that nest in oceanic islands: Sula leucogaster (n = 2) in the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Onychoprion fuscatus (n = 2) and Pterodroma arminjoniana (n = 2) in the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, Pygoscelis papua (n = 14), Pygoscelis antarcticus (n = 6), Larus dominicanus (n = 3), Catharacta sp (n = 2) on King George Island - Antarctica. The predominant congeners among the PCBs were penta and hexachlorinated biphenyls for penguins and gulls, and heptachlorinated compounds for skuas. POPs were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, triple quadrupole (GC/MS/MS). The main POPs were PCBs (1.6 to 1228) and DDTs (0.2 to 173) in ng g-1 wet weight. The predominant congeners of PCBs were hexachlorines for seabirds of the Brazilian oceanic islands, while for antarctic birds, penta and hexachlorates predominated for Pygoscelis and L. dominicanus, and heptachlorates for Catharacta sp. Among DDTs, the predominant congener was p, p'-DDE. In general, seabirds that nest in Antarctic showed concentrations of pollutants up to three orders of magnitude above those that nest in tropical islands, with atmospheric transport possibly being the main mechanism of contaminant entry, ecological factors, such as diet and migration, represented a strong influence on the concentration of persistent organic pollutants.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-09-29
 
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