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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2005.tde-28112005-090454
Document
Author
Full name
Guedes Candundo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Gir, Elucir (President)
Hayashida, Miyeko
Pela, Nilza Teresa Rotter
Title in Portuguese
"Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e HIV/aids: conhecimento e crença acerca dos riscos entre estudantes de nível médio de Lubango, Angola-África"
Keywords in Portuguese
aids
doenças sexualmente transmissíveis
fatores de risco
Abstract in Portuguese
Vivenciando no dia-dia que o número de casos das infecções sexualmente transmitidas (IST) e da aids vem aumentando em todo mundo e na África, principalmente na população jovem, é imprescindível a tomada de medidas preventivas para seu controle. Assim, desenvolvemos este estudo do tipo descritivo transversal com o objetivo de identificar os conhecimentos e risco para IST e aids entre estudantes de nível médio. O referencial teórico foi o “o Modelo de Crenças em Saúde" que compõe as dimensões de susceptibilidade percebida, severidade percebida, benefícios percebidos e barreiras percebidas. A população estudada constituiu-se de 385 estudantes, pertencente a três escolas de ensino médio. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de maio a junho de 2004 e os dados analisados quali-quantitativamente. Para análise quantitativa, os dados foram codificados e registrados numa base de dados e tratados em estatística descritiva. Quanto aos dados qualitativos foram tratados com base no Método de BARDIN (1977), sendo analisados e interpretados utilizando o referencial teórico do Modelo de Crenças em saúde de Rosenstock (1974a). Quanto às características demográficas, 59,9% dos estudantes eram do sexo feminino, 49,1% do sexo masculino, a idade variou entre 13 e 45 anos, 83,9% referiram ser solteiros. Com relação às práticas sexuais, 77,4% dos alunos investigados eram sexualmente ativos, sendo que 51,6% mencionaram nunca terem usado ou usado algumas vezes o preservativo; 66,7% referiram nunca terem usado e ou usado algumas vezes o preservativo com o parceiro fixo; 55,3% perceberam o risco de adquirir as IST/ aids. Quanto as informações acerca das IST /aids 95,8% dos respondentes já ouviram falar da aids, 95,3% de sífilis, 92,9% de gonorréia, 58,1% de hepatite B, sendo que 90,1% dos informantes tiveram como fonte de informação a televisão, 85,4% o radio, 78,4% os amigos, 74,5% os livros, 65,9% o jornal. Quanto à susceptibilidade, através dos enunciados dos participantes referiram perceber a sua vulnerabilidade e risco em adquirir IST/ aids. No tocante à severidade percebida, os estudantes associaram a aids a doença sem cura e à morte. Os informantes demonstram terem tido conhecimentos sobre os modos de transmissão e medidas preventivas das principais IST, porém bastante limitados. Sobre benefícios percebidos, foram mencionados pelos investigados alguns fatores facilitadores do uso do preservativo, como meio de prevenção e método contraceptivo, para além da citação de algumas barreiras percebidas como, a dificuldade no uso do preservativo. Diante destas situações, é imprescindível a implementação de programas educativos de prevenção com vistas à promoção da saúde.
Title in English
Sexually transmissible infections and HIV/ aids: Knowledge and beliefs on risks among secondary students in Lubango.
Keywords in English
aids
risk factors
sexually transmissible diseases
Abstract in English
Experiencing in everyday life that the number of cases with sexually transmissible infections (STI) and aids is increasing all over the world and in Africa, mainly in the juvenile population, preventive measures are essential for their control. Thus, this escriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to identify knowledge and risk of STI and aids among secondary students. The theoretical reference framework was the “Health Belief Model", which covers the dimensions of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers. The study population consisted of 385 students from three secondary schools. Data were collected in May and June and subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis. With a view to quantitative analysis, data were coded, registered in a database and treated by means of descriptive statistics. In qualitative analysis, data were treated on the basis of BARDIN’s method (1977) and analyzed and interpreted through the theoretical reference framework of ROSENSTOCK’s (1974 a) Health Belief Model. With respect to demographic characteristics, 59.9% of the students were women and 49.1% men, ages ranged from 13 to 45 years and 83.9% mentioned they were single. What sexual practices is concerned, 77.4% of the investigated students were sexually active; 51.6% indicated they had used the condom never or a few times; 66.7% mentioned they had used the condom never or a few times with their fixed partner; 55.3% perceived the risk of acquiring STI/aids. As to information about STI/aids, 95.8% of the respondents had already heard about aids, 95.3% about syphilis, 92.9% about gonorrhea and 58.1% about hepatitis B. 90.1% of the informants obtained their information from television, 85.4% from radio, 78.4% from friends, 74.5% from books and 65.9% from newspapers. With respect to susceptibility, the participants’ discourse indicated they perceived their vulnerability and risk of acquiring STI/aids. What perceived severity is concerned, students associated aids to an incurable disease and to death. The informants demonstrated their knowledge about transmission modes and measures to prevent the main STI, although quite limited. As to perceived benefits, the participants mentioned some facilitating factors of condom use as a means of prevention and contraceptive method. Furthermore, they indicated some perceived barriers as difficulties for condom use. In light of these situations, educational prevention programs have to be implemented with a view to health promotion.
 
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Publishing Date
2005-12-05
 
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