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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.3.1993.tde-23072024-104830
Document
Author
Full name
Julio Cezar Adamowski
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1993
Supervisor
Committee
Moscato, Lucas Antonio (President)
Bistafa, Sylvio Reynaldo
Costa, Eduardo
Miyagi, Paulo Eigi
Okuno, Emico
Title in Portuguese
Medição de densidade de líquidos por ultra-som.
Keywords in Portuguese
Densidades dos líquidos
Engenharia mecânica
Ultrassom
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de estratégias de medição contínua de densidade de líquidos escoando em tubos, utilizando as propriedades da propagação de ultra-som pulsado. Foram desenvolvidas duas estrategias (reflexão relativa e múltiplas reflexões) para a medição de densidade baseadas na medição do coeficiente de reflexão da pressão acústica na interface entre um material de referência e o líquido cuja densidade será medida. Para evitar erros devidos ao efeito de difração acústica e a falta de estabilidade do transdutor e eletrônica associada, foi desenvolvido um transdutor duplo elemento, com emissor cerâmico e receptor de filme de PVDF. O diâmetro do receptor e grande o suficiente para interceptar todo o campo acústico gerado pelo emissor. Foram realizados experimentos de medição de densidade de líquidos (água destilada, gasolina e diesel) em repouso e os resultados apresentam um erro máximo, absoluto, da ordem de 2%, em relação aos valores medidos por métodos estáticos mais precisos. Foram realizados experimentos com o líquido em movimento, utilizando água, e foi verificado que o coeficiente de reflexão não varia com a velocidade do escoamento, mesmo para níveis elevados de turbulência. Assim, a medição de densidade do líquido em movimento independe do tipo de escoamento. Estes resultados podem ser estendidos para outros líquidos com baixa viscosidade.
Title in English
Untitled in english
Keywords in English
Liquid densities
Mechanical engineering
Ultrasound
Abstract in English
This work is about the development of continuous density measurement strategies of liquids flowing in pipelines, using pulsed ultrasonic propagation properties. Liquid density measurement has a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutic, chemical, and petrochemical industries. The continuous measurement may lead to a better process control. Two density measurement strategies based on acoustic pressure reflection coefficient measurement at the interface between a reference material and the liquid which density will be measured were developed. One of the strategies uses the relative reflection method and the other one the multiple reflection method. In order to avoid errors due to the acoustic diffraction effects, the lack in stability (in time) of the transducer and the associated electronics, it was developed a double-element transducer, with a ceramic emitter (commercially available) and a PVDF film receptor. The diameter of the receptor is large enough to intercept all the acoustic field generated by the emitter and thus eliminate the diffraction effect. Experiments including density measurement of some liquids at rest (distilled water, petrol and diesel) were done. The results presented maximum absolute errors of about 2%, when compared to more accurate measurement techniques. Experiments with liquid flowing in a pipeline (water) were done. The results showed that the reflection coefficient does not vary with the flow velocity, even for high turbulent flow. So, the liquid flow density measurement is independent of the kind of flow. These resultas may be extended to other liquids of low viscosity.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-23
 
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