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Thèse de Doctorat
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.3.2011.tde-31052011-164232
Document
Auteur
Nom complet
Cleber Marcos Ribeiro Dias
Adresse Mail
Unité de l'USP
Domain de Connaissance
Date de Soutenance
Editeur
São Paulo, 2011
Directeur
Jury
John, Vanderley Moacyr (Président)
Agopyan, Vahan
Barboza, Aline da Silva Ramos
Isaia, Geraldo Cechella
Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli
Titre en portugais
Fibrocimentos com gradação funcional.
Mots-clés en portugais
Desempenho mecânico
Elementos finitos
Extrusão
Fibrocimentos com gradação funcional
Processo Hatschek
Projeto de mistura
Resumé en portugais
O presente estudo mostra que o conceito de materiais com gradação funcional (MGF) pode ser aplicado no desenvolvimento de componentes de fibrocimento mais econômicos e com desempenho mecânico melhorado. Primeiramente, este trabalho estabelece o conceito de fibrocimento com gradação funcional. Depois, modelam-se, em elementos finitos, as tensões em telhas onduladas sob flexão estática e cargas de vento e mostra-se que, para esses tipos de carregamento, regiões específicas das telhas são submetidas a tensões de baixa intensidade justificando a aplicação do conceito de MGF para a otimização da distribuição da resistência em tais componentes. A parte experimental deste trabalho é constituída de quatro estudos: a) produção de fibrocimentos com o teor de fibras variando ao longo da espessura; b) desenvolvimento de um método de escolha de formulações para fibrocimentos com gradação funcional; c) desenvolvimento de compósitos cimentícios para extrusão em altas velocidades, destinados a gradação de fibrocimentos; e d) aplicação pré-industrial para avaliar a aplicabilidade de técnica de modificação local das propriedades de telhas com gradação funcional. Mostra-se, experimentalmente, que fibrocimentos contendo 1,0% de fibras de PVA, em massa, estrategicamente distribuídas ao longo da espessura, apresentam módulo de ruptura (MOR) similar ao dos fibrocimentos homogêneos com 1,8% de fibras, comprovando a eficácia deste tipo de gradação na redução do custo de placas de fibrocimento. O segundo trabalho experimental avalia formulações de fibrocimento constituídas de seis matérias-primas empregando-se a estratégia screening, uma metodologia promissora para gerar regras de mistura, otimizar custos e desempenho e facilitar a escolha de formulações locais para fibrocimentos com gradação funcional. Compósitos cimentícios com fibras de PVA ou vidro álcali resistente (AR), destinadas à extrusão em altas velocidades, foram desenvolvidos para aplicação pré-industrial. Aqueles contendo 4,0% de fibra de vidro, em volume, apresentaram resistência à tração média igual a 12,0 MPa, enquanto compósitos com 3,0% de fibras de PVA apresentaram resistência igual a 7,5 MPa. A aplicação destas misturas entre as camadas de telhas onduladas de fibrocimento, durante o experimento pré-industrial, resultou em melhoras substanciais do desempenho local.
Titre en anglais
Functionally graded fiber cements.
Mots-clés en anglais
Extrusion
Finite elements
Functionally graded fiber cement
Hatschek process
Mechanical performance
Mixture design
Resumé en anglais
The present study applies the functionally graded materials (FGM) concept on the development of fiber cements as an alternative to improve the mechanical performance and reduce cost of production of asbestos-free corrugated sheets. Primarily, this work establishes the concept of functionally graded fiber cement. Then, finite element modeling (FEM) is applied in the evaluation of the stresses distributions in corrugated sheets under bending and static wind loads. The simulations show that for these load cases, some regions of corrugated sheets are submitted to low stress intensities what justify the application of FGM concept for optimization of the strength distribution in such components. The experimental part of this work consists of four different studies: a) production of functionally graded fiber cements with gradation through thickness; b) development of a method for choosing formulations in functionally graded fiber cements; c) development of fiber reinforced cementitious composites for high speed extrusion and; d) pre-industrial application to evaluate the suitability of functionally graded fiber cements production. The first experimental study shows that functionally graded cementitious composites with 1.0% of PVA fibers, in mass, strategically distributed through thickness, presented similar modulus of ruptures (MORs) to that homogeneous ones with 1.8% of PVA fibers what proves that gradation of fiber content through thickness is a good approach to reduce cost of fiber cement pads without affecting the mechanical performance of the composite. The second experimental work examines sixcomponent fiber cement formulations employing the screening strategy which is a promising methodology to generate coherent mixture rules, optimize cost and performance and even facilitate the choosing of formulations for functionally graded fiber cements. PVA fibers and glass fiber reinforced cementitious composites for high speed extrusion were developed forpre-industrial application. Composites with 4.0% of alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber, in volume, presented average tensile strength of 12.0 MPa while composites with 3.0% of PVA fibers presented 7.5 MPa. The application of these mixtures between layers of fiber cement corrugated sheets results in improvement of the performance of the product.
 
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Date de Publication
2011-06-29
 
AVERTISSEMENT: Le matériau se réfère à des documents provenant de cette thèse ou mémoire. Le contenu de ces documents est la responsabilité de l'auteur de la thèse ou mémoire.
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