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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2010.tde-18082010-165358
Document
Author
Full name
Barbara Elisabeth Waelkens
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira Filho, Sidney Seckler (President)
Boscov, Maria Eugênia Gimenez
Mendes, Carlos Gomes da Nave
Title in Portuguese
Tratamento de efluentes industriais mediante a aplicação de argila organifílica e carvão ativado granular.
Keywords in Portuguese
Adsorção (tratamento de águas)
Tratamento de águas residuárias
Abstract in Portuguese
A presença do óleo pode trazer graves problemas ambientais quando lançado em corpos dágua. A remoção de óleos e graxas de efluentes industriais, principalmente quando na forma emulsificada ainda é um desafio para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. Argilas quimicamente modificadas com sais quaternários de amônio podem ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de efluentes oleosos por apresentarem características organofílicas, podendo desta forma ser utilizadas como material adsorptivo. O presente trabalho estuda a aplicabilidade de uma argila organofílica granular, seja de forma simples ou em combinação com carvão ativado granular, como meio filtrante para a remoção de óleos e graxas de dois efluentes industriais reais oriundos de uma indústria de laminação a frio e uma indústria automobilística. Ambos os efluentes apresentam concentrações baixas de óleos e graxas, variando entre 5 e 30 mg/l de óleos e graxas, entretanto, estes valores não estão sempre em concordância com a legislação vigente. A análise gravimétrica de óleos e graxas não forneceu dados confiáveis, entretanto, foi possível observar uma redução da concentração de carbono orgânico total (COT) após o tratamento com a argila organofílica granular. A redução da concentração de COT foi ainda maior após o tratamento do efluente com a composição Argila Organofílica Granular seguida de Carvão Ativado Granular. Tal composição é a mais recomendada, pois garante bons resultados, além de aumentar a vida útil do carvão ativado.
Title in English
Industrial wastewater treatment through the use of granular organoclay and granular activated carbon.
Keywords in English
Adsorption (water treatment)
Wastewater treatment
Abstract in English
The presence of oil in rivers, lakes and oceans can cause serious environmental hazards. The removal of oil and grease from industrial effluents, especially in its emulsified form, is still a challenge for the industrial wastewater treatment sector. Clays chemically modified with quarternary ammonium salts can be an alternative for the treatment of oily wastewater. Given its organophilic characteristics these organoclays can be used as adsorptive media. The present study evaluates the applicability of a granular organoclay, be it in its simple form, or combined with activated granular charcoal, as a filtration medium for the oil and grease removal of two industrial effluents. Both effluents, one of a cold lamination industry and one of an automotive industry, have low oil and grease concentrations, between 5 and 30 mg/L, however these concentrations do not always comply with local directives. The data obtained by the gravimetric Oil and Grease analysis were not reliable, however it was possible to observe a reduction in the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration of the effluent treated with the granular organoclay. It was also observed that the TOC concentration of the effluent was even larger when the effluent was treated with the composition, granular organoclay (GOC) followed by granular active charcoal (GAC). Thus, the composition GOC followed by GAC is the most recomended, for it garantees reliable results and enhances the GAC lifespan.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-09-23
 
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