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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2010.tde-17082010-133238
Document
Author
Full name
Verônica Mantovani Bueno
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Marques, Fernando Portella de Luna (President)
Boeger, Walter Antonio Pereira
Knoff, Marcelo
Title in Portuguese
Delimitação de espécies em Rhinebothroides Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) com ênfase no complexo Rhinebothroides freitasi (Rego, 1979)
Keywords in Portuguese
Helmintologia
Neotropical
Parasitologia
Sistemática Molecular
Taxonomia
Abstract in Portuguese
Membros do gênero Rhinebothroides são parasitas exclusivos de potamotrigonídeos, elasmobrânquios de água doce endêmicos da região Neotropical. Atualmente, seis espécies são reconhecidas para este gênero dentre as oito espécies nominais disponíveis. A taxonomia de Rhinebothroides é convoluta, pois a maioria de suas espécies são diagnosticadas por caracteres morfométricos e merísticos definidos por estudos que desconsideram a variabilidade intraespecífica destas linhagens. A ampla distribuição de algumas espécies, bem como seus padrões generalistas de especificidade padrão este discrepante em relação à tetrafilídeos marinhos sugere a existência de complexos de espécies que requerem melhor refinamento taxonômico. Este estudo visa refinar a taxonomia de um destes complexos Rhinebothroides freitasi, no qual estão inseridas outras 3 especies nominais (R. campbelli, R. circularisi, R. venezuelensis) cujas circunscrições são ambíguas. Neste estudo, partiuse da premissa de que a conjunção de dados moleculares e morfológicos pode elucidar a taxonomia deste complexo. Com este objetivo, dados moleculares para os genes 28S, ITS1 e COI foram compilados para 57 haplótipos de Rhinebothroides representando todas as espécies válidas para o gênero e a ampla distribuição biogeográfica no gênero nas bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. A otimização direta das sequências nucleotídicas destes haplótipos concatenadas com outros 26 terminais que incluem linhagens de tetrafilídeos marinhos e de água doce, resultou em cinco clados de Rhinebothroides que possuem morfologia congruente com a série tipo de cinco espécies nominais. Desta forma, este estudo reconhece cinco espécies de Rhinebothroides como válidas: R. glandularis, R. freitasi, R. moralarai, R. scorzai e R. venezuelensis. Dentre as espécies do complexo R. freitasi, os dados morfológicos compilados para ~ 400 indivíduos permitiu delimitar os níveis de variabilidade morfológica de R. freitasi e R. venezuelensis. A representatividade biogeográfica e de hospedeiros contemplada neste estudo revela que, ao contrário das linhagens de tetrafilídeos marinhos, membros de Rhinebothroides possuem baixa especificidade aos seus hospedeiros.
Title in English
Species delimitation in Rhinebothroides Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) with emphasis on the Rhinebothroides freitasi (Rego, 1979) complex
Keywords in English
Helminthology
Molecular Systematics
Neotropical
Parasitology
Taxonomy
Abstract in English
Members of Rhinebothroides are parasites of the Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. To date, six species are recognized for the genus within which there are eight nominal species available. The taxonomy of Rhinebothroides is confusing, since most of its species are currently diagnosed by morphometric and meristic characters that have been defined by studies that disregarded the intraspecific variability of its lineages. The widespread distribution of some species, as well as their relaxed host specificity pattern which differs from what has been documented for marine tetraphyllideans suggests the existence of species complexes that require taxonomic refinement. This study aims at refining the taxonomy of one of these complexes Rhinebothroides freitasi, in which are included other three nominal species (R. campbelli, R. circularisi, R. venezuelensis) circumscribed ambiguously. In this study, it has been assumed that the combination of molecular and morphological data can shed some light on the taxonomic status of this complex. Within this framework, molecular data were compiled for 28S, ITS1, and COI for 57 haplotypes of Rhinebothroides representing all currently valid species within the genus and their biogeographical distribution along the major Brazilian river basins. The direct optimization of nucleotide sequences from these haplotypes, simultaneously analised with 26 terminals which included marine and freshwater lineages of tetraphyllideans, generated a phylogenetic hypothesis that recognized five major clades within Rhinebothroides. Each of these clades are morphologically congruent with the type series of five nominal species. Therefore, this study recognizes five valid species within Rhinebothroides: R. glandularis, R. freitasi, R. moralarai, R. scorzai, and R. venezuelensis. Within the R. freitasi complex, the compiled morphological data for ~ 400 specimens provided a robust assessment of intraspecific variability for R. freitasi and R. venezuelensis. The biogeographic and host extensive sampling available for this study reveals that members of Rhinebothroides show low host specificity, as opposed to the marine tetraphyllidean lineages.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-10-15
 
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