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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2023.tde-10062024-155121
Document
Author
Full name
Filipe Vieira Barbalho
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Taborda, Carlos Pelleschi (President)
Batista, Wagner Luiz
Bocca, Anamelia Lorenzetti
Cuccovia, Iolanda Midea
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento de formulações vacinais profiláticas e terapêuticas contra histoplasmose a partir de peptídeos derivados do antígeno M complexadas em nanopartículas de quitosana em modelo murino
Keywords in Portuguese
Antígeno M
Histoplasmose
Nanotecnologia
Quitosana
Vacinação
Abstract in Portuguese
Histoplasma capsulatum é um fungo de distribuição mundial e o agente causador da histoplasmose. A infecção geralmente causa manifestações autolimitadas em pacientes imunocompetentes, mas pode assumir uma forma progressiva e disseminada em pacientes imunocomprometidos, colocando estes sob alto risco de mortalidade, em especial para pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. O tratamento com antifúngicos utilizado pode se prolongar durante anos e causar efeitos adversos, o que dificulta a adesão dos pacientes. As vacinas apresentam potencial para um combate mais eficiente dessa doença, modelando o próprio sistema imune dos pacientes para impedir seu estabelecimento ou para combater a infecção em curso, permitindo a sinergia com tratamentos já utilizados, ou sua completa substituição. Recentemente, peptídeos derivados do antígeno M de H. capsulatum foram desenvolvidos e testados como candidatos a antígenos vacinais contra a histoplasmose. Apesar de alguns destes já serem provados como eficientes na profilaxia contra a infecção, a combinação destes com sistemas nanoparticulados tem potencial para reduzir efeitos adversos e aumentar a eficiência de formulações vacinais. Nanopartículas de quitosana ganham destaque, um biomaterial biocompatível e com propriedades de adjuvante. Neste trabalho, de três peptídeos testados, o peptídeo P6 foi capaz de ser incorporado à quitosana para formar nanopartículas de produção reprodutível e de características físicas estáveis. Testes in vitro e in vivo para atestar se há toxicidade destas nanopartículas mostraram relativa segurança no uso destas. Apesar da administração intranasal destas nanopartículas com P6 incorporado em camundongos não ter apresentado benefícios no seu uso profilático quando desafiado com a infecção, foi observado que este peptídeo, em conjunto com nanopartículas de quitosana de forma não incorporada, demonstrou capacidade de reduzir a carga fúngica dos animais infectados. Testes em modelo terapêutico de vacinação mostram um potencial uso do peptídeo P6 para tratar a histoplasmose. Concluímos que o uso de nanopartículas de quitosana como adjuvantes para o peptídeo P6 aumentam sua potência como antígeno e tem potencial para o desenvolvimento de formulações vacinais visando a pesquisa clínica.
Title in English
Development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against histoplasmosis using M antigen-derived peptides associated to chitosan nanoparticles in a murine model
Keywords in English
Chitosan
Histoplasmosis
M antigen
Nanotechnology
Vaccination
Abstract in English
Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungus with worldwide distribution and the pathogen that causes histoplasmosis. The infection is generally self-limited in immunocompetent patients, however, it can turn into a life-threatening, progressive disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals, especially in people living with HIV/AIDS. The antifungal treatment employed against the infection may take years to complete and may cause toxicity, which discourages treatment adherence by the patients. Vaccines are presented as effective alternatives to efficiently defeat the disease, modeling the patients own immune system to prevent or fend off the infection, and that could be used in synergy with the already established antifungal treatment. Recently, peptides generated with the sequence of the M antigen of H. capsulatum were developed and tested as potential vaccine antigens against histoplasmosis. Though some of these peptides were already proven as efficient tools of prophylaxis, combination with nanotechnology could reduce adverse effects and generate more robust vaccine protocols. Chitosan nanoparticles show great advantages to vaccine development, such as biocompatibility and adjuvant properties. In this study, out of three peptides tested, the peptide P6 showed good interaction with chitosan and great encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles, with reproducibility and stable physicochemical properties. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to answer whether these charged nanoparticles are toxic, which revealed a relative safety of the formulation. Although these charged nanoparticles, when administered intranasally in mice, showed no observable benefit to immunized animals challenged with the infection, it was shown that a non-complexed formulation of chitosan nanoparticles and the P6 peptide caused reduction in the pulmonary fungal load of immunized animals. Tests in a therapeutic model indicate that there is potential for P6 to be utilized as a treatment against histoplasmosis. Concluding, the use of chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvants to the P6 peptide enhanced its capabilities as a vaccine antigen and could be further developed into clinical research.
 
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Release Date
2026-06-10
Publishing Date
2024-06-11
 
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