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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2023.tde-11072024-094309
Document
Author
Full name
Letícia Serafim da Costa
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Ishida, Kelly (President)
Almeida, Sandro Rogerio de
Chechi, Jéssica Luana
Pascon, Renata Castiglioni
Title in Portuguese
Efeito inibitório in vitro de um composto calcogenado na patogênese de Cryptococcus gattii e no modelo murino de criptococose pulmonar
Keywords in Portuguese
Cryptococcus
antifúngicos
morfotipos
selênio
virulência
Abstract in Portuguese
Cryptococcus gattii é um dos agentes etiológicos da criptococose, uma micose que atinge inicialmente o pulmão do hospedeiro, podendo se disseminar para o sistema nervoso central, causando a meningite criptocócica. Dentre os fatores de virulência que influenciam no estabelecimento da infecção fúngica causada por Cryptococcus spp. destacam-se, principalmente, sua cápsula polissacarídica, produção de melanina, formação de células titãs e microcélulas e capacidade de formar biofilmes. Esses são alguns dos fatores responsáveis por conferir proteção aos fungos contra a ação dos mecanismos imunes do hospedeiro e, principalmente, dos antifúngicos utilizados atualmente. Com isso, o presente estudo visa avaliar a ação do composto de selênio LQA_78 sobre C. gattii e seus fatores de virulência. O composto apresentou atividade antifúngica sobre C. gattii R265, incluindo a linhagem tolerante a fluconazol (FLC) e isolados clínicos, com concentrações inibitórias entre de 2 a 64 μg/mL. As concentrações de 4x e 8x a CI50 de LQA_78 apresentaram atividade fungicida sobre C. gattii R265 nas 12 h iniciais de exposição ao composto, promovendo extravasamento de DNA e proteínas. Se tratando de fatores de virulência, o composto foi capaz de aumentar a permeabilidade da cápsula das leveduras, bem como inibir o crescimento de células com cápsula aumentada e titãs (CI50: 2 8 μg/mL). Células em dispersão do biofilme maduro tiveram seu crescimento inibido com o tratamento com LQA_78, porém o composto não demonstrou atividade sobre células sésseis do biofilme maduro. Foi observado também, que a presença do composto LQA_78 promoveu a inibição da produção da melanina pelas leveduras, bem como inibiu a atividade da enzima lacase do sobrenadante e das leveduras previamente cultivadas em meio indutor da enzima. No entanto, o composto não alterou as concentrações de componentes da parede celular do fungo. O tratamento com concentrações fungicidas de LQA_78 (16 e 32 μg/mL) diminuiu a permeabilidade da membrana mitocondrial e aumentou a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, sugerindo que o composto esteja causando danos nas leveduras de C. gattii. Em modelo invertebrado de Galleria mellonella o tratamento com LQA_78 reduziu a carga fúngica das larvas infectadas por C. gattii e aumentou o número de hemócitos totais na hemolinfa. Esse conjunto de dados demonstrou que o composto LQA_78 tem ação inibitória e fungicida sobre C. gattii destacando para a inibição fatores de virulência associadas à tolerância de leveduras de C. gattii durante a patogênese da criptococose. Por fim, esses dados demonstraram o potencial antifúngico do composto organoselênio como uma possível opção terapêutica contra a criptococose.
Title in English
In vitro inhibitory effect of a calcogenated compound on the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus gattii and the murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis
Keywords in English
Cryptococcus
antifungals
morphotypes
selenium
virulence
Abstract in English
Cryptococcus gattii is one of the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis, a mycosis that initially affects the lung of the host and may spread to the central nervous system, causing cryptococcal meningitis. Among the virulence factors that influence the establishment of the fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus spp., its polysaccharide capsule, melanin production, formation of titan cells and microcells, and the ability to form biofilms stand out. These are some of the factors responsible for protecting fungi against the action of the host's immune mechanisms and, especially, of the antifungals currently used. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the action of the selenium compound LQA_78 on C. gattii and its virulence factors. The compound showed antifungal activity against C. gattii R265, including the fluconazole-tolerant strain and clinical isolates, with inhibitory concentrations ranging from 2 to 64 μg/mL. The concentrations of 4x and 8xIC50 of LQA_78 showed fungicidal activity on C. gattii R265 in the first 12 h of exposure to the compound, promoting extravasation of DNA and proteins. When it came to virulence factors, the compound was able to increase the capsule permeability of yeasts, as well as inhibit the growth of cells with enlarged capsule and titans (CI50: 2 8 μg/mL). Dispersed cells of the mature biofilm had their growth inhibited with the treatment with LQA_78, but the compound did not show activity on sessile cells of the mature biofilm. It was also observed that the presence of the compound LQA_78 promoted the inhibition of melanin production by yeasts, as well as inhibited the activity of the enzyme laccase of the supernatant and of the yeasts previously cultured in the enzyme inducing medium. However, the compound did not alter the concentrations of components of the fungal cell wall. Treatment with fungicidal concentrations of LQA_78 (16 and 32 μg/mL) decreased mitochondrial membrane permeability and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that the compound is causing damage to C. gattii yeasts. In an invertebrate model of Galleria mellonella, treatment with LQA_78 reduced the fungal load of C. gattii-infected larvae and increased the number of total hemocytes in the hemolymph. This dataset demonstrates that the LQA_78 compound has inhibitory and fungicidal action on C. gattii, highlighting the inhibition virulence factors associated with the tolerance of C. gattii yeasts during the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. Finally, these data demonstrated the antifungal potential of the compound organoselenium as a possible therapeutic option against cryptococcosis.
 
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Release Date
2026-07-11
Publishing Date
2024-07-11
 
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