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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2010.tde-05082010-113049
Document
Author
Full name
Allysson Coelho Sampaio
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Xavier Neto, José (President)
Moriscot, Anselmo Sigari
Schechtman, Deborah
Scheepmaker, Denise Selivon
Yan, Chao Yun Irene
Title in Portuguese
Regulação molecular da expressão atrial - específica do gene SMyHC3.
Keywords in Portuguese
Ácido retinóico
COUPTF2
Embriologia molecular
Genes
Regulação gênica
Sistema cardiovascular
Transposons
Abstract in Portuguese
Para elucidar as vias genéticas controlando a formação das câmaras cardíacas, foi analisada a regulação do promotor atrial-específico do gene de codorna que codifica a isoforma lenta da cadeia pesada de miosina (slow myosin heavy chain 3 -SMyHC3). Em camundongos transgênicos, a expressão atrial-específica dos 840 pb do promotor SMyHC3 fundido ao gene repórter da fosfatase alcalina (HAP), SMyHC3-HAP, é controlada pelos 72 pb mais distais deste promotor. Este fragmento contém sítios putativos para ligação a receptores nucleares os quais foram denominados ECRRN (elemento complexo de resposta a receptores nucleares), definidos por modelagem molecular. Tratamento de embriões SMyHC3-HAP com ácido retinoico (AR) expande o domínio atrial de expressão do transgene, enquanto que a inibição da via de sinalização por AR reduz o domínio de expressão do transgene. Ensaios de gel shift revelam que os receptores de AR, RAR/RXR se ligam fracamente a esse promotor. Também, esses receptores não ativam o promotor SMyHC3 em experimentos de transfecção transiente, mesmo na presença de coativadores, tais como p300, CBP e GRIP1. Isso sugere a participação indireta de AR na regulação deste marcador atrial. Ensaios de transfecção celular demonstram que COUPTF2 é capaz de ativar o promotor SMyHC3 e, siRNA contra COUPTF2 inibe esta transativação. Embriões tratados com AR apresentam um aumento geral da expressão de COUPTF2, reforçando a idéia de que AR age indiretamente ativando este gene. Estudos de bioinformática revelam que o ECRRN está presente na região 3 do gene AMHC1 de galinha e alinhamentos indicam que pode se tratar de um elemento móvel que pode ter sido adquirido por um evento de exaptação. Em resumo, COUPTF2 e AR controlam a expressão do promotor SMyHC3, porém a natureza da relação entre os 2 elementos necessita ser elucidada.
Title in English
Molecular regulation of atrial-specific expression of the SMyHC3 gene.
Keywords in English
Cardiovascular system
COUPTF2
Gene regulation
Genes
Molecular embryology
Retinoic acid
Transposons
Abstract in English
To elucidate the genetic pathways controlling cardiac chamber formation, the atrial specific gene promoter SMyHC3 was analyzed. In transgenic mice, the atrial specific expression an 840 bp of the SMyHC3 promoter was linked to reporter gene human alkaline phosphatase (HAP), SMyHC3-HAP. By directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis we identified the more distal 72 bp of the promoter as responsible of the atrial expression. This fragment contains putative binding sites to nuclear receptors, the CNRRE (complex nuclear receptor response element), defined by molecular modeling. RA (retinoic acid) treatment in SMyHC3-HAP embryos expands the atrial domain. However, the RA effectors, RXR/RAR bind with low affinity to the SMyHC3 promoter. These receptors are not able to activate the promoter even in the presence of coactivators such as p300, CBP and GRIP1. These results suggest that RA acts indirectly to regulate this atrial marker. Cell transient transfection shows that COUPTF2 activate the SMyHC3 promoter, and COUPTF2 siRNA inhibits the transactivation of the SMyHC3 promoter. Treatment of embryos with RA increases the COUPTF2 expression reinforcing the idea that this receptor could be regulatedindirectly by RA. Bioinformatic studies revealed that CNRRE is present in the 3 region of the ortholog chicken AMHC1 gene. Alignments indicate that this CNRRE could have been acquired by an exaptation event. In conclusion, the SMyHC3 promoter seems to be controlled by RA and COUPTF2 governing atrial expression. However the nature of relationships between RA and COUPTF2 need to be elucidated.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-09-13
 
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