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Thèse de Doctorat
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2018.tde-19022018-144612
Document
Auteur
Nom complet
Cristiane Isabel Silva Mangialardo Ramos
Unité de l'USP
Domain de Connaissance
Date de Soutenance
Editeur
São Paulo, 2017
Directeur
Jury
Costa, Soraia Kátia Pereira (Président)
Lopes, Lucia Rossetti
Teixeira, Catarina de Fatima Pereira
Troncone, Lanfranco Ranieri Paolo
Vessoni, Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
Titre en portugais
Análise farmacológica comparativa da pancreatite experimental induzida por fosfolipase A2 secretória do veneno de serpente Crotalus durissus terrificus e fosfolipase A2 de mamífero em ratos: papel das fibras C e do sulfeto de hidrogênio.
Mots-clés en portugais
Fosfolipase A2
Hiperalgesia abdominal
Pancreatite aguda
Propargilglicina
SR140333
Sulfeto de hidrogênio
Resumé en portugais
A pancreatite aguda (PA), condição inflamatória do pâncreas caracterizada por dor abdominal e concentrações elevadas de enzimas pancreáticas e outras (ex.: amilase, fosfolipase A2, FLA2), representa a principal causa de hospitalização das doenças gastrointestinais. Entretanto, a patogênese da PA continua pouco compreendida e os tratamentos escassos. Nesse sentido, os objetivos deste estudo foram: i) avaliar comparativamente os efeitos inflamatórios e algogênicos das FLA2s secretória do veneno da serpente Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) e de mamífero (bovino) e, ii) determinar mecanismos envolvidos (neurogênicos e dependentes do sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S), um recentemente descrito mediador endógeno). A PA foi induzida pela injeção da FLA2 (300 mg/kg) crotálica ou bovina no ducto biliopancreático de ratos anestesiados e pré-tratados com salina, antagonistas dos receptores NK1/NK2 (SR140333/SR48968, e.v., - 15 min) Na2S (doador de H2S, i.p., - 30 min) ou propargilglicina (PGly, inibidor da enzima CSE envolvida na síntese endógena de H2S, i.p., - 30 min). Após 4 horas, a FLA2 crotálica ou bovina promoveu edema pancreático, infiltração de neutrófilos, amilasemia sérica e hiperalgesia abdominal. A FLA2 crotálica também aumentou a geração de H2S pancreática, as concentrações séricas de GT-γ e AST e promoveu leucopenia. O SR140333, mas não o SR48968, inibiu a hiperalgesia induzida por ambas as FLA2s, mas não afetou a PA ou índices enzimáticos. Tratamento com a PGly reduziu a PA induzida por ambas as FLA2, mas inibiu somente a hiperalgesia evocada pela FLA2 bovina. O doador espontâneo de H2S (Na2S) reduziu a PA e hiperalgesia induzidas pela PLA2 crotálica, mas não a amilasemia. Conclui-se que ambas as FLA2s representam ferramentas farmacológicas importantes na indução da PA, pois conseguem mimetizar sinais clássicos da PA em humanos. Em termos mecanisticos, conclui-se que enquanto a ativação do receptor NK1 consiste num mecanismo comum de regulação da resposta sensitiva abdominal (hiperalgésica) frente as duas FLA2s, o papel (protetor ou deletério) do H2S neste modelo ainda não está estabelecido.
Titre en anglais
Comparative pharmacological analysis of experimental pancreatitis induced secretory phospholipase A2 from snake venom Crotalus durissus terrificus and phospholipase A2 mammals in rats: role of the C fibers and hydrogen of sulphide.
Mots-clés en anglais
Abdominal hyperalgesia
Acute pancreatitis
Hydrogen sulfide
Phospholipase A2
Propargylglycin
SR140333
Resumé en anglais
Acute pancreatitis (AP), an inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by severe abdominal pain and increased levels of pancreatic enzymes and others in the blood (e.g. amilase, phospholipase A2, PLA2), is the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospitalization worldwide. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of AP still not fully understood and treatments are scant. This study aimed: i) to evaluate comparatively the inflammatory and algesic effects of PLA2 obtained from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (PLA2 Cdt) snake or mammalian (bovine) and, ii) to establish involved mechanisms focusing on neurogenic aspects and the recent gasomediator (hydrogen sulfide, H2S). AP was induced by the injection of bovine PLA2 or sPLA2 from Cdt venom (300 μg/kg) into the common bile duct of anaesthetized rats pretreated with the NK1 or Nk2 receptor antagonists (SR140333/SR48968, i.v., - 15 min), with the H2S donor (Na2S, i.p., - 30 min) or the inhibitor of CSE, an enzyme involved in the endogenous H2S synthesis (Propargylglycin, PGly i.p., - 30 min). After 4 hours, both mammalian and crotalic PLA2s caused pancreatic oedema, local neutrophil infiltration, serum hyperamylasemia and abdominal hyperalgesia. Increased pancreatic production of H2S, serum levels of γ-GT and AST and leukopenia were also observed in Cdt-induced AP. SR140333, but not SR48968, blocked the abdominal hyperalgesia induced by both PLAs but failed to significantly affect the inflammatory response and increased enzymes concentrations in this model. PGly attenuated both mammalian and crotalic PLA2s-induced AP, but inhibited only the abdominal hyperalgesia evoked by bovine PLA,sub>2. Spontaneous H2S donor (Na2S) reduced crotalic PLA2-induced AP and associated abdominal hyperalgesia but failed to affect hyperamylasemia. In conclusion, both mammalian and crotalic PLA2 act as an important pharmacological tool since they can mimic signs and symptoms of human AP. Whereas NK1 receptor (neurogenic mechanism) mediates abdominal hyperalgesia is likely to be the common mechanism involved in AP evoked by both PLA2s, this study still raising questions regarding the role (protective or deleterious) of H2S in the pathophysiology of AP and related pain process.
 
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Date de Publication
2018-02-19
 
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