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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.48.2021.tde-29112021-124123
Document
Author
Full name
Marcela Calixto dos Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Boto, Carlota Josefina Malta Cardozo dos Reis (President)
Henning, Leoni Maria Padilha
Kawauche, Thomaz Massadi
Lima, Ana Laura Godinho
Oliveira, Jociele Lampert de
Title in Portuguese
O professor como profissional reflexivo em John Dewey
Keywords in Portuguese
Educação
John Dewey
Pensamento Reflexivo
Prática Docente
Professor
Abstract in Portuguese
No campo das discussões pedagógicas o conceito professor reflexivo se desenvolve, de forma ampla, a partir das elaborações teóricas de Donald Schön (1930-1997). Esta expressão passa a marcar, de forma geral, a literatura e as discussões pedagógicas a partir de então, de modo que novos autores iniciam um processo de revisão, problematizando o termo reflexivo e sua aplicação à prática docente. À vista disso, atualmente existe uma grande variedade de discursos sobre a prática reflexiva do professor, os quais ocorrem em meio a diferentes perspectivas teóricas e correntes ideológicas que muitas vezes se contrapõem umas às outras. Schön recebeu sérias críticas em relação às limitações de sua proposta teórica ao que se refere à reflexão na e sobre a prática, por não considerar devidamente os condicionamentos históricos e sociais que envolvem o indivíduo pensante. Uma vez que Schön fora aluno de John Dewey (1859-1952) e reconheça as influências que esse filósofo exercera sobre suas ideias com o conceito de pensamento reflexivo, sua teoria e as críticas que recebera tem sido inevitavelmente associadas à filosofia deweyana. Não obstante, com essa pesquisa, procuramos demonstrar que o pensamento de Dewey é amplo e profundo, permitindo-nos uma elaboração conceitual sobre a noção de professor como profissional reflexivo bem estruturada. Neste estudo, nossa intenção não foi comparar as abordagens teóricas de Dewey com Schön ou com outros autores, mas sim trabalhar inicialmente com categorias conceituais que estão presentes nas abordagens teóricas. Assim, chegamos à conclusão de que, a respeito do que seja uma conduta reflexiva, John Dewey fala muito mais do professor do que o próprio Donald Schön. Em termos teóricos, tem mais a contribuir no campo da formação de professores do que o próprio fundador da expressão profissional reflexivo. Enxergamos a perspectiva deweyana à altura dos debates com as propostas teóricas seus opositores, pois Dewey apresenta um posicionamento político e social distintamente crítico frente aos problemas sociais e econômicos de seu tempo. Buscamos situar o objeto de pesquisa dentro de outras categorias de análise e, assim, pudemos constatar que a perspectiva teórica de Dewey atravessa os principais ramos da filosofia, com questões que envolvem a antropologia, a epistemologia, a metafísica, a axiologia e a lógica. Deste modo, esperamos com esta pesquisa pontuar noções relevantes das contribuições filosóficas de Dewey para os estudos que envolvem as discussões relativas ao conceito de professor como um profissional reflexivo, bem como para a área da formação de professores.
Title in English
The teacher as a reflective professional in John Dewey
Keywords in English
Education
John Dewey
Reflective thinking
Teacher
Teaching practice
Abstract in English
In the field of pedagogical discussions the concept reflective teacher is broadly developed from the theoretical elaborations of Donald Schön (1930-1997). This expression begins to mark, in general, the literature and the pedagogical discussions. Since then, new authors start a review process, problematizing the reflective term and its application to teaching practice. On account of this, currently there is a wide variety of discourses on the reflective practice of the teachers, which occur in the midst of different theoretical perspectives and ideological currents that often oppose each other. Schön received serious criticisms regarding the limitations of his theoretical proposal with regard to reflection in and about practice, as he did not properly consider the historical and social conditionings that involve the thinking individual. Since Schön was a student of John Dewey (1859-1952) and recognizes the influence that this philosopher exerted on his ideas with the concept of reflective thinking, his theory and the criticisms he received have been inevitably associated with Deweyan philosophy. However, with this research, we seek to demonstrate that Dewey's thought is broad and deep, allowing us to conceptually elaborate on the notion of a teacher as a well-structured reflective professional. In this study, our intention was not to compare Dewey's theoretical approaches with Schön or other authors, but rather to work initially with conceptual categories that are present in theoretical approaches. Thus, we came to the conclusion that, regarding what is a reflective behavior, John Dewey speaks more about the teacher than Donald Schön himself. In theoretical terms, he has more to contribute in the field of teacher education than the founder of the expression reflective professional. We realize the Deweyan perspective as equal to the debates with the theoretical proposals of its opponents, as Dewey presents a political and social position that is distinctly critical to the social and economic problems of his time. We decided to place the research object within other categories of analysis and, thus, we could see that Dewey's theoretical perspective crosses the main branches of philosophy, with issues involving anthropology, epistemology, metaphysics, axiology and logic. In this way, we hope with this research to point out relevant notions of Dewey's philosophical contributions to studies that involve discussions related to the concept of the teacher as a reflective professional, as well as to the area of teacher education.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-12-01
 
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