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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2024.tde-27062024-145650
Document
Author
Full name
Luana Antunes Maranha Gatto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Figueiredo, Eberval Gadelha (President)
Welling, Leonardo Christiaan
Rabelo, Nícollas Nunes
Telles, João Paulo Mota
Title in Portuguese
Estudo brasileiro de amantadina para distúrbios de consciência após hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática
Keywords in Portuguese
Agonistas de dopamina
Aneurisma intracraniano
Aneurisma roto
Coma
Estados de consciência
Estudos de intervenção
Estudos prospectivos
Hemorragia subaracnoide
Abstract in Portuguese
Nesta tese, a Amantadina foi testada, comparada a placebo, visando acordar pacientes do coma e melhorar o status neurológico de pacientes com desordens graves de consciência (DGC) como resultado de hemorragia subaracnóidea (HSA) secundária a ruptura de aneurisma cerebral. O objetivo principal foi a avaliação do desfecho primário em 3 e 6 meses após o ictus, medida pelas escalas de Rankin modificada (mRS) e de Glasgow outcome (GOS). Os objetivos secundários foram avaliados semanalmente durante a intervenção pelas pontuações nas escalas de Rappaport´s Disability Rating Scale (RDRS) e Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRSR), além da mortalidade. Foram recrutados pacientes que sofreram ruptura de aneurisma intracraniano independente do status de admissão, com qualquer topografia e tipo de aneurisma, e que foram submetidos a qualquer modalidade de tratamento do aneurisma. Eram pacientes que estavam com escala de coma de Glasgow (GCS) entre 3 e 11 a partir de 30 a 180 dias após o ictus, sendo a intervenção instituída (Amantadina ou placebo) durante 6 semanas, com doses progressivamente maiores, e randomização dos pacientes em bloco. Ao todo, foram 37 pacientes (20 com Amantadina e 17 com placebo) de fevereiro/2020 a setembro/2023, sendo 24 mulheres (65% do total). A média de idade foi de 59,5 anos, variando de 28 a 81. O GCS médio de início de tratamento de ambos os grupos foi 7,1. Do total, 64,8% eram hipertensos, 59,4% tabagistas, 32,4% dislipidêmicos e, 29,7%, diabéticos. Doze pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento microcirúrgico através de clipagem (32,4% do total), enquanto 25 (67,5%) foram tratados de forma endovascular. A maioria evoluíra para vasoespasmo (81%), com isquemia em 73% dos pacientes. Nem as características epidemiológicas nem as considerações quanto ao tratamento e suas complicações tiveram diferenças nos dois braços. A mortalidade geral foi de 10,8% (4 óbitos). Quatro pacientes apresentaram possíveis efeitos colaterais e a medicação não chegou a ser suspensa, apenas impediu o aumento de dose: íleo paralítico, taquicardia e 2 pacientes por crises convulsivas. Embora não tenha apresentado nenhum efeito colateral grave, a Amantadina não trouxe superioridade clínica ou diferenças estatisticamente significativas em quaisquer comparações. Isso não aconteceu nem durante as semanas de tratamento, como aconteceu em outros ensaios clínicos aplicados a DGC secundárias a traumatismo cranioencefálico, nem após 3 ou 6 meses. Concluímos que, apesar de relatos de casos e pequenas séries demonstrando bons resultados com Amantadina, este não parece ser um medicamento eficaz para recuperação neurológica no cenário de DGC após ruptura de aneurisma cerebral
Title in English
Brazilian study of amantadine for consciousness disorders after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Keywords in English
Coma
Dopamine agonists
Intervention studies
Intracranial aneurysm
Prospective studies
Ruptured aneurysm
States of consciousness
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Abstract in English
In this thesis, Amantadine was tested, compared to placebo, aiming at waking up patients from coma and improving the neurological status of patients with severe disorders of consciousness (SDC) as a result of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured cerebral aneurysm. The main objective was to evaluate the primary outcome at 3 and 6 months after the ictus, measured by the modified Rankin (mRS) and Glasgow outcome (GOS) scales. Secondary endpoints were assessed weekly during treatment by scores on Rappaport's Disability Rating Scale (RDRS) and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRSR), in addition to mortality. Patients who had ruptured an intracranial aneurysm regardless of admission status, with any topography and type of aneurysm, and who underwent any modality of aneurysm treatment were recruited. They were patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) between 3 and 11 from 30 to 180 days after the ictus, with treatment instituted (Amantadine or placebo) for 6 weeks, with progressively higher doses, and patient randomization in block. In all, there were 37 patients (20 with Amantadine and 17 with placebo) from February/2020 to September/2023, 24 of whom were women (65% of the total). The mean age was 59.5 years, ranging from 28 to 81. The mean GCS at the beginning of treatment for both groups was 7.1. Of the total, 64.8% were hypertensive, 59.4% smokers, 32.4% dyslipidemic, and 29.7% were diabetics. Twelve patients underwent microsurgical treatment using clipping (32.4% of the total), while 25 (67.5%) were treated endovascularly. Most evolved to vasospasm (81%), with ischemia in 73% of patients. Neither epidemiological characteristics nor considerations regarding treatment and its complications differed between both arms. Overall mortality was 10.8% (4 deaths). Four patients had possible side effects and the medication was not suspended, only the dose increase was prevented: paralytic ileus, tachycardia and 2 patients due seizures. Although it did not have any serious side effects, Amantadine did not bring about clinical superiority or statistically significant differences in any comparisons. This did not happen either during the treatment weeks, as it happened in other clinical trials applied to SDC secondary to traumatic brain injury, or after 3 or 6 months. We conclude that, despite case reports and small series demonstrating good results with Amantadine, it does not appear to be an effective medication for neurological recovery in the setting of SDC after cerebral aneurysm rupture
 
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Publishing Date
2024-07-10
 
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