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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2010.tde-07042010-121058
Document
Author
Full name
Carina Chaubet D'Alcante
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Miguel Filho, Euripedes Constantino (President)
Diniz, Leandro Fernandes Malloy
Tavares, Hermano
Title in Portuguese
Características neuropsicológicas no transtorno obsessivo compulsivo e seu impacto na resposta ao tratamento
Keywords in Portuguese
Fluoxetina
Neuropsicologia
Terapia cognitiva
Terapia comportamental
Transtorno obsessivo compulsivo
Valor preditivo dos testes
Abstract in Portuguese
Estudos prévios avaliando domínios neuropsicológicos, especialmente funções executivas, indicam a presença de déficits em portadores do Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC). No entanto, achados neste sentido são muitas vezes contraditórios. Estas divergências podem, em parte, ser explicadas a partir de limitações metodológicas como pareamento inadequado de pacientes e controles e o uso de medicamentos no momento da avaliação neuropsicológica. Este estudo teve os seguintes objetivos: 1) verificar o funcionamento neuropsicológico, especialmente das funções executivas, de pacientes portadores de TOC sem tratamento prévio comparados a controles normais; 2) identificar fatores neuropsicológicos preditivos de resposta a tratamento com terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo (TCCG) ou fluoxetina. Pacientes portadores de TOC (n=50) foram pareados com controles saudáveis (n=35) por gênero, idade, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico e lateralidade manual. Estes foram avaliados a partir de uma bateria neuropsicológica investigando: quociente intelectual, funções executivas, memória verbal e não verbal, habilidades sociais e funções motoras. Os pacientes portadores de TOC foram alocados em dois subgrupos: 26 foram submetidos a tratamento medicamentoso com fluoxetina e 24 foram submetidos a um protocolo de TCCG por 12 semanas. Encontramos déficits nos pacientes portadores de TOC quando comparados a controles saudáveis quanto à flexibilidade cognitiva (segundo teste de Hayling), funções motoras (pelo teste de Grooved pegboard) e habilidades sociais (pelo inventário de Del Prette). Algumas medidas neuropsicológicas foram preditivas de melhor resposta a ambos os tratamentos: maior número de respostas corretas no teste do California verbal learning test (CVLT) (Trials 1-5); maior rapidez na parte D 14 (Dots) do Victoria stroop test (VST); maior lentidão na parte W (Word) no VST e menor número de erros na parte C (Colors) do VST (principalmente à TCCG). Maior quociente intelectual (QI) verbal se associou com melhor resposta à TCCG. Menor número de respostas perseverativas no CVLT se associou com melhor resposta à TCCG e pior resposta à medicação. Concluindo, neste estudo portadores de TOC apresentaram déficits na flexibilidade mental, habilidades sociais e funções motoras. Medidas neuropsicológicas como QI verbal, memória verbal e controle inibitório foram preditivas de resposta ao tratamento. Padrões específicos das habilidades verbais e perserveração se associaram de forma diferenciada á resposta a TCCG ou à fluoxetina. Assim, a avaliação neuropsicológica, pode auxiliar não só na indicação do melhor tratamento, mas também alertar o clínico para aqueles pacientes com maiores chances de não resposta ao tratamento de primeira escolha, nos quais medidas adicionais devem ser associadas.
Title in English
Neuropsychological features in obsessive compulsive disorder and its impact on response to treatment
Keywords in English
Behavioral therapy
Cognitive therapy
Fluoxetine
Neuropsychology
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Predictive value of tests
Abstract in English
Previous studies assessing neuropsychological domains, especially executive functions, indicate the presence of deficits in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, findings in this sense are often contradictory. These discrepancies may partly be explained by methodological limitations such as inadequate matching of patients and controls and use of medication at the time of neuropsychological assessment. This study had two aims: 1) to assess the neuropsychological functioning, especially in executive functions in OCD patients without prior treatment compared with healthy controls and 2) to identify neuropsychological predictors of response to treatment with fluoxetine or cognitivebehavioral therapy in group (CBTG). Patients with OCD (n=50) were matched with healthy controls (n=35) by gender, age, education, socioeconomic status and handedness. Patients and controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery investigating: intellectual quotient (IQ), executive functions, motor functions, verbal memory and non-verbal, social skills and motor function. OCD patients were allocated into two subgroups: 24 were submitted to GCBT for 12 weeks and 26 underwent treatment with fluoxetine. We found deficits in OCD patients compared to healthy controls in cognitive flexibility (Hayling test), motor functions (Grooved pegboard test) and social skills (inventory of Del Prette). Some neuropsychological measures were predictive of a better response to both treatments: greater number of correct answers on the California verbal learning test (CVLT) (Trials 1-5); greater speed on board D (Dots) of the Victoria stroop test (VST); greater slowness on board W (Word) of VST and fewer errors on the board C (Colors) of VST (primarily in TCCG). Greater verbal IQ was associated with better response to CBTG. Fewer perseveration answers in the 17 CVLT was associated with better response to CBTG and worse response to fluoxetine. In conclusion, patients with OCD showed deficits in cognitive flexibility, social skills and motor functions compared to healthy controls. Neuropsychological measures such as verbal IQ, verbal memory and inhibitory control were predictive of treatment response. Specific patterns of verbal abilities and mental flexibility predicted different treatment response to GCBT or fluoxetine. Thus, neuropsychological assessment may provide important information for treatment choice in clinical settings and may alert clinicians to those patients that are most likely non-responders, in whom additional treatment modalities should be implemented.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-04-08
 
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