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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2024.tde-30082024-160709
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Starzynski Bacchi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Brunoni, Andre Russowsky (President)
Araripe Neto, Ary Gadelha de Alencar
Benseñor, Isabela Judith Martins
Sa, Daniel Graca Fatori de
 
Title in Portuguese
Fatores determinantes do impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na saúde mental da população paulista: uma análise multidimensional na coorte ELSA-Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Ansiedade
COVID-19
Depressão
Epidemiologia
Pandemia
Transtornos Mentais Comuns
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: No decorrer da pandemia da COVID-19, surgiram evidências conflitantes acerca de seu impacto nos transtornos e sintomas psiquiátricos. Esta tese sintetiza os achados do Centro de Pesquisa ELSA-Brasil São Paulo para avaliar a psicopatologia relacionada à pandemia, estruturas de rede de sintomas mentais, trajetórias de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e incidência de ideação suicida durante a pandemia. Objetivo: Investigar mudanças nas taxas de sintomas psiquiátricos, a conectividade das redes de sintomas mentais, trajetórias de sintomas de TMC e fatores de risco associados ao aumento da ideação suicida durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados do centro de São Paulo da coorte ELSA-Brasil, abrangendo avaliações pré-pandêmicas e pandêmicas. As ondas de coleta pré-pandêmicas incluem avaliações de 20082010 (Onda 1), 20122014 (Onda 2) e 20162018 (Onda 3). As avaliações pandêmicas, referidas como Ondas COVID (WC), compreendem quatro ondas: maiojulho de 2020 (WC1), julhosetembro de 2020 (WC2), outubrodezembro de 2020 (WC3) e abriljunho de 2021 (WC4). Foram utilizados o Clinical Interview Scheduled-Revised (CIS-R) e o Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) para medir TMCs e sintomas psiquiátricos. Abordagens analíticas, incluindo modelos lineares generalizados multivariáveis, análise de rede, modelagem de trajetória baseada em grupos e regressão logística, foram aplicadas para comparar taxas de TMCs e sintomas psiquiátricos, examinar estruturas de rede de sintomas mentais, identificar trajetórias de sintomas de TMC e avaliar a incidência de ideação suicida. Resultados: Não foi encontrado um aumento significativo nas taxas de TMCs. Idade mais jovem, sexo feminino, menor nível educacional e etnia não branca foram consistentemente associados a maiores chances de transtornos psiquiátricos e piores trajetórias de sintomas. A análise de rede indicou maior conectividade geral entre os sintomas mentais durante a pandemia, particularmente entre preocupações gerais e preocupações com a saúde. Foi observado um aumento de três vezes na taca de ideação suicida. TMC anterior (OR 7.17; IC 95% 4.43 - 11.58) e eventos adversos na infância (EAI) (OR 1.72; IC 95% 1.09 - 2.72) aumentaram as chances de ideação suicida. Conclusão: Os achados não suportam um agravamento consistente de transtornos e sintomas psiquiátricos nesta amostra durante a pandemia. A conectividade de rede aumentada sugeriu uma interação complexa entre os sintomas psiquiátricos. A identificação de fatores de risco específicos para piores resultados de saúde mental, incluindo desvantagens socioeconômicas e transtornos psiquiátricos anteriores, enfatiza a importancia do suporte e intervenções direcionadas
 
Title in English
Determinant factors of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the mental health of the São Paulo population: a multidimensional analysis in the ELSA-Brasil cohort
Keywords in English
Anxiety
Common Mental Disorders
COVID-19
Depression
Epidemiology
Pandemic
Abstract in English
Background: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, mixed evidence has emerged regarding its impact on psychiatric disorders and symptoms. This thesis synthesizes findings from the ELSA-Brasil São Paulo Research Center to evaluate pandemic-related psychopathology, network structures of mental symptoms, trajectories of common mental disorders (CMD), and incidence of suicidal ideation during the pandemic. Aim: To investigate changes in psychiatric symptom rates, the connectivity of mental symptom networks, CMD symptom trajectories, and risk factors associated with increased suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the ELSA-Brasil São Paulo Research Center was used, encompassing pre-pandemic and pandemic assessments. The pre-pandemic waves include assessments from 20082010 (Wave 1), 20122014 (Wave 2), and 20162018 (Wave 3). The pandemic assessments, referred to as Wave COVID (WC), comprise four waves: MayJuly 2020 (WC1), JulySeptember 2020 (WC2), OctoberDecember 2020 (WC3), and AprilJune 2021 (WC4). The Clinical Interview Scheduled-Revised (CIS-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) instruments were utilized to measure psychiatric symptoms and common mental disorders across these periods. Analytical approaches, including multivariable generalized linear models, network analysis, group-based trajectory modeling, and logistic regression, were applied to compare psychiatric symptom rates, examine mental symptom network structures, identify CMD symptom trajectories, and assess suicidal ideation incidence. Results: No significant increase in rates of CMDs was found. Younger age, female sex, lower educational level, and non-white ethnicity were consistently linked with increased odds for psychiatric disorders and worsened trajectories of symptoms. Network analysis indicated higher overall connectivity among mental symptoms during the pandemic, particularly between general worries and health concerns. A threefold increase in suicidal ideation was observed. Previous CMD (OR 7.17; 95% CI 4.43 - 11.58) and adverse childhood events (ACE) (OR 1.72 95% CI 1.09 - 2.72) increased the odds of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Our findings do not support a consistent worsening of psychopathology within the cohort during the pandemic. The increased network connectivity suggested a complex interplay between psychiatric symptoms. The identification of specific risk factors for worsened mental health outcomes, including socioeconomic disadvantages and previous psychiatric disorders, emphasizes the importance of targeted support and interventions
 
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Publishing Date
2024-09-09
 
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