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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2018.tde-31102018-121220
Document
Author
Full name
Leandro Cardoso Barchi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Zilberstein, Bruno (President)
Yagi, Osmar Kenji
Júnior, Ulysses Ribeiro
Lourenço, Laércio Gomes
Title in Portuguese
O papel da omentectomia na cirurgia do câncer gástrico
Keywords in Portuguese
Adenocarcinoma
Excisão de linfonodo
Gastrectomia
Neoplasias gástricas
Omento
Recidiva
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Tradicionalmente, a omentectomia total (OT) é realizada juntamente com a ressecção gástrica associada à linfadenectomia na cirurgia do câncer gástrico (CG). No entanto, evidências sólidas em relação ao seu benefício oncológico são escassas. Este estudo foi elaborado para avaliar a incidência de metástases em linfonodos (LN) do grande omento em pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia potencialmente curativa por CG, assim como, avaliar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de linfonodos metastáticos no grande omento e a evolução dos pacientes. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 284 pacientes operados pelo Serviço de Cirurgia de Estômago, Duodeno e Intestino Delgado do HCFMUSP, no período de março de 2009 a abril de 2016, com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma. Critérios de inclusão: pacientes submetidos a cirurgias potencialmente curativas com ressecção R0, com linfadenectomia a D2 ou D2 modificada conforme preconizado pela Escola Japonesa. Foram excluídos os pacientes que apresentaram doença disseminada ou metástases a distância, mesmo sendo submetidos a ressecções paliativas, assim como, pacientes com invasão macroscópica do grande omento, pacientes com neoplasias sincrônicas ou metacrônicas, neoplasia de coto gástrico, cirurgia com menos de 15 LN ressecados e ausência de tumor na análise anatomopatológica. O tempo de seguimento de todos os pacientes variou entre 1 e 89,5 meses, com mediana de 27,6 meses. O tempo de seguimento mediano dos pacientes livres de doença foi de 34,3 meses (mínimo de 1 e máximo de 89,5). A associação entre o acometimento de LN no omento com variáveis categóricas foram investigadas por testes exatos de Fisher ou teste qui-quadrado e com variáveis numéricas por testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi 61,8 anos (±11,9; entre 25 e 86). Dos 284 pacientes, cinco (1,8%) tinham LN metastáticos no grande omento (um: pT3N3bM0; dois: pT4aN3bM0; um: pT4aN2M0 e um pT4bN3bM0). Quatro deles faleceram e um estava sob tratamento paliativo com quimioterapia devido à recidiva da doença. Os LN metastáticos no grande omento tiveram correlação significativa com o tamanho do tumor, no qual se encontrou o ponto de corte de 5,25cm (área sob a curva ROC: 0,8072; IC95%: 0,6645 - 0,9498), estádio N (p < 0,001), estádio clínico (p=0,022), invasão venosa (p=0,003), recorrência (p=0,006), local de recorrência (peritôneo: p=0,008; fígado: p=0,023; ovário: p=0,035) e óbito (p=0,008). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de LN metastático no grande omento de pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia radical por CG é baixa. A OT pode ser evitada em tumores menores que 5,25 cm e estádios T1/T2. Entretanto, a presença de metástases linfonodais no grande omento está associada a recidiva no peritônio, fígado, ovário e óbito
Title in English
The role of omentectomy in gastric cancer surgery
Keywords in English
Adenocarcinoma
Gastrectomy
Gastric neoplasm
Lymph node excision
Omentum
Recurrence
Abstract in English
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, total omentectomy is performed along with gastric resection and extended lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer (GC) surgery. However, solid evidences regarding its oncologic benefit still lacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of metastatic omental lymph nodes (LN) in patients undergoing potentially curative gastrectomy for GC, as well as its risk factors and patients' outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In order to perform this analysis, 284 patients with adenocarcinoma operated at the Department of Surgery of Stomach, Duodenum and Small Intestine at HCFMUSP from March 2009 to April 2016 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria was: patients who underwent potentially curative R0 surgery with D2 lymphadenectomy as recommended by the Japanese School. Patients with disseminated disease or distant metastases, even if undergoing palliative resections were excluded from the study. As well as patients with macroscopic omental invasion, synchronic or metachronous neoplasms, gastric stump neoplasia, surgery with less than 15 harvested LN and absence of tumor in pathological analysis. The follow-up period of all patients ranged from 1 to 89.5 months, with a median of 27.6 months. The median follow-up period of disease-free patients was 34.3 months (minimum of 1 and maximum of 89.5 months). The association between omental LN involvement with categorical variables was investigated by Fisher's exact tests or chi-square test and numerical variables by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.8 years (± 11.9, range 25 - 86). Of 284 patients included, five (1.8%) patients had metastatic omental LN (one: pT3N3bM0; two: pT4aN3bM0; one: pT4aN2M0 and one pT4bN3bM0). Four of them deceased and one was under palliative chemotherapy due relapse. LN metastases in the greater omentum significantly correlated with tumor's size in which the cut-off found was 5.25cm (area under the ROC curve: 0.8072; IC95%: 0.6645 - 0.9498), N stage (p < 0.001), clinical stage (p=0.022), venous growth (p=0.003), recurrence (p=0.006), site of recurrence (peritoneum: p=0.008; liver: p=0.023; ovary: p=0.035) and death (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The incidence of metastatic omental LN of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy due to GC is extremely low and may be avoided in tumors smaller than 5.25cm and T1/T2 tumors. Though, when present is associated with recurrence in peritoneum, liver, ovary and death
 
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Publishing Date
2018-11-05
 
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