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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.59.2017.tde-27072017-102616
Document
Author
Full name
Gilberto Medeiros Nakamura
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Martinez, Alexandre Souto (President)
Bernardes, Esmerindo de Sousa
Ito, Amando Siuiti
Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido
Silva Filho, Antonio Carlos Roque da
Title in Portuguese
Teoria do momento angular em sistemas complexos
Keywords in Portuguese
Física estatística
Modelos epidêmicos
Processos estocásticos
Transições de fase
Abstract in Portuguese
A emergência de fenômenos coletivos e correlações de longo alcance impossibilitam a inferência de propriedades de sistemas como um todo a partir de suas partes componentes. A modelagem destes sistemas frequentemente ocorre mediante emprego de operadores de spin localizados em grafos com topologias não-triviais. Aqui, mostramos que o operador de momento angular de muitos corpos une o estudo de diversos sistemas complexos, desde a sistemas epidêmicos até cadeias magnéticas de spin. Para o modelo epidêmico SIS, determinamos a matriz de transição do processo estocástico correspondente e mostramos suas soluções para grafos regulares e aleatórios, por meio de técnicas geralmente empregadas em sistemas fortemente correlacionados. Já no modelo de Dicke, identificamos o vínculo que explica a relevância e o efeito finito de operadores anti-girantes para duas espécies atômicas confinadas numa cavidade óptica que interagem com radiação eletromagnética. Por fim, o papel do momento angular também é identificado para duas cadeias quânticas de spin 1/2 acopladas, as quais modelam nanoestruturas magnéticas heterogêneas. A estrutura de bandas é calculada, enquanto efeitos espúrios de superfície são removidos pela introdução de quasipartículas dotadas de grau de liberdade de spin adicional
Title in English
Theory of angular momentum in complex systems
Keywords in English
Epidemic models
Phase transitions
Statistical physics
Stochastic processes
Abstract in English
The emergence of collective phenomena and long range correlations makes it impossible to infer the properties of whole systems from their components. Their modeling often occurs through the use of localized spin operators, taking place within graphs with non-trivial topologies. Here, we show that the many-body angular momentum operator connects the study of several complex systems, ranging from epidemic systems to magnetic spinchains. For the SIS epidemic model, we calculate the transition matrix of the corresponding stochastic process and show the corresponding solutions for regular and random graphs, using techniques generally employed in strongly correlated systems. For the Dicke model we identify the constraint that explains the relevance and finite size effect of anti-rotating operators, for two atomic species, confined within an optical cavity, and interacting with electromagnetic radiation. Finally, the role of angular momentum is also identified for two coupled quantum spinchains 1/2 which model heterogeneous magnetic nanostructures. The band structure is calculated, while spurious surface effects are removed due to the introduction of quasiparticles with an additional spin degree of freedom.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-10-02
 
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