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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.59.2019.tde-23112018-095204
Document
Author
Full name
Guilherme do Valle Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Mendes Junior, Celso Teixeira (President)
Bruni, Aline Thais
Cerqueira, Caio Cesar Silva de
Moura Neto, Rodrigo Soares de
Title in Portuguese
Análise de marcadores forenses (STRs e SNPs) rotineiramente empregados na identificação humana utilizando sequenciamento de nova geração
Keywords in Portuguese
Ancestralidade
Genética forense
Sequenciamento de nova geração
Short Tandem Repeats
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Abstract in Portuguese
A genética forense vem se desenvolvendo cada vez mais, com novas tecnologias e implementação de novos conjuntos de marcadores de DNA com maiores níveis de informatividade. Os marcadores genéticos são amplamente usados na identificação humana, pois permitem distinguir indivíduos com alta acurácia. Duas classes de marcadores muito utilizadas atualmente são os STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) e os SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). Os STRs são altamente informativos e, portanto, úteis para a prática forense. Kits mais novos como GlobalFiler (Thermo Fisher Scientific) e PowerPlex Fusion System (Promega) apresentam a análise de mais de 20 loci STRs de uma só vez. Já os SNPs, por possuírem sua informatividade mais reduzida (necessita de mais loci analisados), são menos utilizados, porém apresentam vantagem em amostras degradadas de DNA; assim, conjuntos de identificação como o 52-plex desenvolvido pelo consórcio SNPforID e o conjunto IISNPs, vêm sendo estudados em várias populações do mundo. Com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS Next Generation Sequencing) para análise de DNA, a obtenção de perfis de DNA se tornou mais acurada. Algumas plataformas permitem gerar perfis de até 96 indivíduos simultaneamente. Este estudo tem por objetivo principal analisar 171 marcadores genéticos (Amelogenina, Y-INDEL, 30 STRSs e 139 SNPs) em 340 indivíduos miscigenados da região da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP) utilizando a plataforma de sequenciamento de nova geração MiSeq Personal Sequencer (Illumina Inc.), bem como calcular as frequências alélicas e genotípicas, verificar a aderência ao equilíbrio de HardyWeinberg e estimar parâmetros forenses para os diferentes conjuntos de marcadores. Análises de ancestralidade foram realizadas para os conjuntos de SNPs. Para o preparo das bibliotecas de amostras a serem sequenciadas, foi utilizado o kit HaloPlex (Agilent Technologies, Inc), onde foram incluídos os marcadores dos kits GlobalFiler e PowerPlex Fusion System, e os SNPs existentes no conjunto do consórcio SNPforID (52-plex) e IISNPs (92 SNPs). De todos os marcadores incluídos no ensaio, apenas um SNP (rs763869) presente no conjunto SNPforID não pôde ser analisado devido a questões técnicas. Dos 139 SNPs analisados apenas seis apresentaram desvios significativos em relação ao equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg,número este esperado devido ao acaso. Os conjuntos de SNPs apresentam elevada informatividade com Probabilidade de Match de 6,48 x 10-21 (52-plex) a 4,91 x 10-38 (IISNP), e Poder de Exclusão de 0,9997 (52-plex) e 0,99999997 (IISNP). De modo geral, as inferências de ancestralidade obtida utilizando estes conjuntos, indicaram elevada contribuição europeia (superior a 70%) e baixa contribuição ameríndia (inferior a 10%) na população, enquanto que as análises de mistura individual se mostraram consistentes, com a maioria dos indivíduos apresentando elevada ancestralidade europeia. Os resultados dos marcadores relativos ao sexo (Amelogenina, Y-INDEL e DYS391) foram consistentes com o sexo dos doadores das amostras. As frequências alélicas e parâmetros forenses foram calculados para os STRs, revelando uma alta informatividade. A Probabilidade de Match combinada e o Poder de Exclusão combinado foram de 1,19 x 10-36 e 0,999999999997 respectivamente. Dos 29 STRs autossômicos presentes, seis apresentaram desvios ao equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, refletindo possíveis falhas no sequenciamento e genotipagem destes marcadores
Title in English
Analysis of forensic markers (STRs and SNPs) routinely used in human identification assays by means of next generation sequencing
Keywords in English
Ancestry
Forensic genetics
Next generation sequencing
Short Tandem Repeats
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Abstract in English
The field of forensic genetics has developed increasingly with the implementation of new sets of DNA markers with higher levels of informativeness. The genetic markers are widely used in human identification as they allow distinguishing individuals with high accuracy. Two of the most commonly used markers are the Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Newer kits such as GlobalFiler (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and PowerPlex Fusion System (Promega) can analyze more than 20 STRs loci at once. When comparing with STRs, the SNPs are less informative and many more loci are needed to reach the same informativeness of STR kits. However, they are advantageous when using degraded DNA samples. The identification sets such as the 52-plex developed by the SNPforID Consortium and the IISNPs have been analyzed in many worldwide populations. With the development of next generation sequencing techniques (NGS Next Generation Sequencing), obtaining DNA profiles has become more accurate and some platforms allow generating profiles of up to 96 individuals simultaneously. The main goal of this study is to analyze 171 markers (Amelogenin, Y-INDEL, 30 STRs and 139 SNPs) in 340 admixed individuals from Ribeirão Preto, SP, using the NGS platform MiSeq Personal Sequencer (Illumina Inc.). This will allow the calculation of allele and genotype frequencies, the verification of adherence to Hardy-Weinbergs equilibrium and the estimation of forensic parameters for each set of marker. Ancestry analysis was performed for the sets of SNPs. The HaloPlex kit (Agilent Technologies, Inc) was used for library preparation including the STRs from the kits GlobalFiler and PowerPlex Fusion System and the SNPs from the SNPforID consortium (52-plex) and IISNPs (92 SNPs) identification sets. A single SNP (rs763869) from the SNPforID set was not analyzed due to technical issues. Only six of the 139 analyzed SNPs presented significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, which is expected by chance alone. The SNPs sets exhibited high informativeness, with matchprobability ranging from 6.48 x 10-21 (52-plex) to 4.91 x 10-38 (IISNPs) and exclusion power of 0.9997 (52-plex) and 0.99999997 (IISNPs). In general, ancestry estimates obtained using these sets indicated a high European contribution (higher than 70%) and low Amerindian contribution (less than 10%) in the population sample, while the individual admixture analyses exhibited were highly consistent, with the majority of individuals presenting high European ancestry. The results of the sex markers (Amelogenin, Y-INDEL and DYS391) were in agreement with the reported sexes from sample donors. The allele frequencies and forensic parameters calculated for the STRs revealed high informativeness. The combined match probability and the combined exclusion power were 1.19 x 10-36 and 0.999999999997 respectively. Six of the 29 autosomal STRs presented significant deviations from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium expectations, reflecting possible failures in sequencing and genotyping of these markers
 
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Publishing Date
2019-02-20
 
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