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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.6.2004.tde-06102022-164800
Document
Author
Full name
Luís Cláudio Sartori
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Frazão, Paulo (President)
Araujo, Maria Ercilia de
Tanaka, Oswaldo Yoshimi
Title in Portuguese
Rastreamento do câncer bucal: aplicações no Programa Saúde da Família
Keywords in Portuguese
Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais
Neoplasias Bucais
Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos
Abstract in Portuguese
O câncer bucal é responsável por uma proporção de óbitos no Brasil e medidas de prevenção primária e secundária têm sido recomendadas. Dentre as últimas, pode-se destacar a aplicação de técnicas de rastreamentos para a identificação de lesões malignas e pré-malignas. As técnicas de rastreamento podem ser aplicadas a fim de identificar indivíduos mais vulneráveis, oferecer assistência mais precoce e reduzir danos. O propósito deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia do rastreamento de lesões bucais, na população de cinqüenta e mais anos de idade, ambos os sexos, cadastrada em unidades de saúde da família e avaliar o seu potencial para auxiliar no controle do câncer bucal e na organização da demanda à assistência. Tomando por universo 30.828 famílias, assistidas por 30 equipes de saúde, que operavam em sete unidades de saúde da família, pertencentes ao município de São Paulo e gerenciadas em co-parceria com a Casa de Saúde Santa Marcelina, dados secundários do sistema de informações relativos a 2980 cadastrados, foram analisados. Registros individuais, relativos ao rastreamento realizado em espaços sociais e à assistência odontológica realizada posteriormente em ambiente clínico, foram concatenados em uma base eletrônica. Durante o rastreamento, os tecidos moles da cavidade da boca foram examinados e os cadastrados foram incluídos em uma das seguintes condições: (O) aparentemente saudáveis, (1) alterações sem potencial de malignidade e (2) alterações com potencial de malignidade. Estimativas por ponto e por intervalo de confiança (95%), relativas às medidas de sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo e negativo foram calculadas. Os resultados mostraram que 18% dos rastreados foram considerados positivos ao teste (categorias 1 + 2). Ao exame clínico, foram registradas 133 lesões (4,46%), sendo confirmados 8 casos de câncer bucal, correspondendo a uma taxa de prevalência de 27 casos em 10 mil, bastante superior ao esperado. Considerando positivos ao teste os incluídos nas categorias 1 + 2, as medidas observadas foram: S: 91,73% [90,74 - 92,72]; E: 85,42% [84,15 - 86,65]; VPP: 22,72% [21,22 - 24,22]. Considerando positivos ao teste aqueles incluídos na categoria 2, as medidas encontradas foram: S: 26,00% [24,43 - 27,57]; E: 97,27% [96,68 - 97,85]; VPP: 13,98% [12,74 - 15,22]. Hipóteses explicativas relativas aos valores observados e ações para ajustar o instrumento de rastreamento são discutidas
Title in English
Screening of oral cancer: aplications in health family programs
Keywords in English
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Mouth Neoplasms
National Health Strategies
Abstract in English
Oral cancer is responsible for a number of deaths in Brazil and measures of primary and secondary prevention have been recommended. Among the latter, the use of screening techniques to identify malignant and pre-malignant lesions is pointed out. Screening techniques can be used to identify people who are most susceptible to the disease, offer precocious aid and reduce damage. This study aimed at analyzing the efficacy of screening for oral lesions among the population of 50 years old or older, of both genders, listed in units of family health (USF), and assessing the potential of screening to aid in the control of oral cancer and in the organization of assistance. The studied population was composed of 30,828 families aided by 30 health groups that worked in seven units of family health in the city of São Paulo, managed with the collaboration of the health center of Santa Marcelina; and secondary data - regarding 2,980 registered individuals - were obtained from the information system and then analyzed. Individual records regarding the screening carried out in social institutions and regarding dental aid later carried out in clinics were grouped in an electronic basis. During screening, soft tissues of the oral cavity were examined and the registered individuals were distributed into one of the following categories: (O) soft tissues apparently healthy, (1) alterations with no malignant potential in soft tissues, (2) alterations with malignant potential in soft tissues. Point and confidence interval estimates (95%) were calculated, regarding measures of sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV). Results showed that 18% of the screened population was considered test positive (groups 1 and 2). A total of 133 lesions (4.46%) were identified during clinical examination, and 8 cases of oral cancer were confirmed, which corresponds to a prevalence rate of 27 cases in 10,000 people, a much higher rate than the expected. Considering test positive the cases of groups 1 and 2, the measures found were: SE - 91.73% (90.74 - 92.72), SP: 85.42% (84.15 - 86.65), PPV: 22.72% (21.22 - 24.22). Considering test positive the cases of group 2, the measures found were: SE - 26.00% (24.43 - 27.57), SP - 97.27% (96.68 - 97.85), and PPV - 13.98% (12.74 - 15.22). Explicative hypothesis regarding the observed values and actions to adjust the instrument of screening are discussed.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-06
 
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