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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.60.2021.tde-29092021-085420
Document
Author
Full name
Marcella Roverato Pastore
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Faccioli, Lucia Helena (President)
Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira
Melo, Gessilda de Alcantara Nogueira de
Title in Portuguese
Função e perfil metabólico de plaquetas na infecção experimental por Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Keywords in Portuguese
Bactéria
Metaboloma
Plaquetas
Sistema imune
Abstract in Portuguese
As plaquetas são elementos anucleados do sangue que têm papel considerável na modulação da hemostasia. Estudos recentes indicam que as plaquetas são reguladores essenciais do sistema imunológico e apresentam um papel fundamental nas infecções. As plaquetas armazenam grandes quantidades de moléculas que promovem a eliminação direta do patógeno ou modulam as atividades efetoras dos leucócitos. Achromobacter xylosoxidans são normalmente encontrados no meio ambiente e são patógenos oportunistas, infectando principalmente pessoas com fibrose cística (FC), tumores e imunodeficiências. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel das plaquetas na resposta imune contra A. xylosoxidans. Para tal, investigamos o perfil de ativação de plaquetas incubadas com A. xylosoxidans quantificando a expressão da P-selectina (CD62P) por meio de citometria de fluxo. Observamos que tanto a porcentagem de plaquetas que expressaram P-selectina quanto a média da intensidade de fluorescência de CD62P foram significativamente maiores após incubação com A. xylosoxidans, demonstrando que as plaquetas são ativadas por este bacilo. Também avaliamos a atividade microbicida das plaquetas após incubação das mesmas com A. xylosoxidans. Para tanto, plaquetas isoladas de sangue periférico de humanos voluntários sadios, foram incubadas por 10 minutos, 2, 4 e 8 horas com 106 bactérias, a 37OC, 5% de CO2. Após estes períodos, as suspensões de bactérias foram então semeadas em BHI-ágar para contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (CFU). Observamos que as plaquetas de todos os voluntários inibiram o crescimento bacteriano entre 10% a 85%, sendo a atividade microbicida maior após 4h e 8h de incubação. Nossos dados, demonstram que as plaquetas humanas apresentam diretamente atividade microbicida e/ou bacteriostático de A. xylosoxidans. Por fim, avaliamos as alterações metabólicas decorrentes da interação entre plaquetas e bactérias. Para tanto, utilizamos a espectrometria de massa de alta resolução acoplada à cromatografia líquida, tecnologia de ponta na área de metabolômica e biologia de sistemas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de programas de biologia computacional projetados especificamente para análises estatísticas e funcionais. Nossos resultados demonstraram que A. xylosoxidans contribui para o distúrbio de diferentes vias metabólicas em plaquetas humanas, como metabolismo de ácidos graxos, pirimidina e xenobióticos. Esses resultados demonstram que A. xylosoxidans ativa plaquetas, que também apresentam atividade antimicrobiana significativa quando expostas a essa bactéria. Além disso, A. xylosoxidans causa alterações no perfil metabólico das plaquetas.
Title in English
Function and metabolic profile of platelets on the experimental infection by Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Keywords in English
Bacteria
Immune system
Metabolome
Platelets
Abstract in English
Platelets are anucleate blood elements that have considerable role in modulating hemostasis. Recent studies indicate that platelets are essential regulators of the immune system and exhibit a fundamental role in infections. Platelets store high amounts of molecules that promote direct pathogen elimination or modulate effector activities of leukocytes. Achromobacter xylosoxidans are normally found in the environment and are opportunistic pathogens, infecting mostly persons with cystic fibrosis (CF), tumors and immunodeficiencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of platelets in the immune response against A. xylosoxidans. For this purpose, we investigated the activation profile of platelets incubated with A. xylosoxidans by quantifying the expression of P-selectin (CD62P) by flow cytometry. We observed that both the percentage of platelets that expressed P-selectin and the mean fluorescence intensity of CD62P were significantly higher after incubation with A. xylosoxidans, demonstrating that platelets are activated by this bacillus. We also evaluated the microbicidal activity of platelets after incubating them with A. xylosoxidans. For this, platelets isolated from peripheral blood from healthy human volunteers were incubated for 10 minutes, 2, 4 and 8 hours with 106 bacteria, at 37 ° C, 5% CO2. After these periods, the bacterial suspensions were then seeded on BHI-agar to count Colony Forming Units (CFU). We observed that the platelets of all volunteers inhibited bacterial growth by 10% to 85%, with greater microbicidal activity after 4 and 8 hours of incubation. Our data demonstrate that human platelets directly show A. xylosoxidans microbicidal and / or bacteriostatic activity. Lastly, we evaluated metabolic alterations resulting from interaction between platelets and bacteria. For this purpose, we used high resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography, a state-of-art technology on the field of metabolomics and systems biology. The data were analyzed using computational biology programs specifically designed for statistical analysis and functional analysis. Our results demonstrated that A. xylosoxidans contribute to the disturbance of different metabolic pathways in human platelets, like metabolism of fatty acids, pyrimidine and xenobiotics. These results demonstrate that A. xylosoxidans activate platelets, which also exhibit significant antimicrobial activity when exposed to these bacteria. Also, A. xylosoxidans cause alterations in platelet metabolic profile.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-09-29
 
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