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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.74.2024.tde-01082024-134841
Document
Author
Full name
Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Pirassununga, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de (President)
Medina, Mônica Roberta Mazalli
Budiño, Fábio Enrique Lemos
 
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do uso de adsorventes na alimentação de leitoas desmamadas desafiadas por micotoxinas
Keywords in Portuguese
Aflatoxina B1
Fumonisina B1
Intoxicação
Micotoxicoses
Resíduos
Suínos
Zearalenona
Abstract in Portuguese
Micotoxinas são compostos oriundos do metabolismo secundário de fungos quando estes encontram condições climáticas adequadas, causando riscos à saúde animal e humana. Cerca de 88% dos alimentos destinados ao consumo animal estão contaminados por estas substâncias, levando a prejuízos econômicos na produção. Animais não ruminantes, especialmente suínos, são fortemente afetados pelas micotoxicoses crônicas, de forma a não apresentarem sintomatologia clara dificultando a correção do problema nas granjas. O uso de adsorventes vem como uma forma de minimizar os efeitos deletérios dessas intoxicações dentro da produção suinícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de dois adsorventes comerciais, uma clinoptilolita modificada organicamente (CMO) e um agente desintoxicante de micotoxinas de múltiplos componentes (ADMM), para amenizar os efeitos adversos combinados de aflatoxinas (AFs), fumonisinas (FBs) e zearalenona (ZEN) em níveis de aproximadamente 0,5, 1,0 e 1,0 mg/kg, em uma coorte de leitoas cruzadas (N = 24). As leitoas foram alocadas aleatoriamente em seis grupos experimentais (controle, micotoxinas (MTX), MTX + CMO 1,5%, MTX + OMC 3,0%, MTX + ADMM 1,5% e MTX + ADMM 3,0%), cada um, composto por quatro indivíduos, e submetidos a um regime alimentar de 42 dias. A administração combinada de AFs, FBs e ZEN reduziu o ganho de peso corporal e aumentou o peso relativo do fígado, enquanto não houve influência negativa observada na bioquímica sérica dos animais. No entanto, a aplicação criteriosa dos adsorventes, CMO e ADMM, não apenas amenizou os efeitos tóxicos observados na histologia dos órgãos, mas também resultou em uma redução significativa nos níveis residuais de AFs, FBs e ZEN no fígado e nos rins. Em particular, a suplementação de CMO foi capaz de reduzir o início da carcinogênese hepática sem quaisquer efeitos colaterais hepatotóxicos. Estes resultados demonstram que o CMO e ADMM reduziram efetivamente os efeitos adversos das AFs, FBs e ZEN em leitoas. Estudos futuros devem abordar os efeitos protetores de longo prazo dos adsorventes avaliados, com vistas à otimização das estratégias de manejo de micotoxinas em criações comerciais de suínos.
 
Title in English
Evaluation of the use of adsorbents in feeding weaned gilts challenged by mycotoxins
Keywords in English
Aflatoxin B1
Fumonisin B1
Mycotoxicosis
Pigs
Poisoning
Residues
Zearalenone
Abstract in English
Mycotoxins are compounds originating from the secondary metabolism of fungi when they encounter suitable climatic conditions, causing risks to animal and human health. About 88% of food intended for animal consumption is contaminated by these substances, leading to economic losses in production. Non-ruminant animals, especially pigs, are strongly affected by chronic mycotoxicosis, so that they do not present clear symptoms, making it difficult to correct the problem on farms. The use of adsorbents comes to minimize the deleterious effects of these intoxications within swine production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (ADMM), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels around 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (N = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5 kg/ton, MTX + OMC 3.0 kg/ton, MTX + ADMM 1.5 kg/ton, and MTX + ADMM 3.0 kg/ton), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and ADMM ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and ADMM effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations.
 
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ME9285634COR.pdf (1.97 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2024-08-01
 
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