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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.75.2004.tde-17082004-110811
Document
Author
Full name
Jussara Aparecida de Oliveira Cotta
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira (President)
Gomes Neto, José Anchieta
Luchini, Luiz Carlos
Title in Portuguese
"Diagnóstico ambiental do solo e sedimento do Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR)"
Keywords in Portuguese
ambiental
compostos organoclorados
metais
sedimento
solo
Abstract in Portuguese
O Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR - localizado no vale do Ribeira de Iguape, a 315 km de São Paulo, é uma das últimas áreas de mata Atlântica preservada e com uma diversidade enorme de fauna e flora. Por se tratar de uma região bastante complexa do ponto de vista ambiental, vários são os conflitos existentes no que se refere ao planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo, dado que a região apresenta quase 40% de seu território bloqueado por força do que dispõem as legislações ambientais que, a partir da década de 80, criaram várias unidades de conservação ambiental. No entanto, cerca de 30% da área ocupada do PETAR é utilizada para atividades impróprias à preservação desse patrimônio público. Essas atividades são representadas basicamente por: agricultura, exploração mineral, descarga de esgoto doméstico não tratado e expansão populacional. A utilização de compostos organoclorados na agricultura e exploração intensa de metais durante anos na região têm contaminado o ecossistema. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma metodologia para avaliar a qualidade ambiental do solo e sedimento da região do PETAR. Considerando-se as características econômicas da região - agricultura, mineração e ecoturismo - o solo e sedimento foram analisados com respeito a compostos organoclorados e metais pesados. Os metais avaliados foram o chumbo, devido aos problemas com a mineração e, em adição, cádmio, cobre, zinco, níquel, cromo, alumínio, manganês e ferro, sendo estes analisados por absorção atômica. Foram avaliados os compostos organoclorados lindano, HCB e os PCBs. Para suas determinações foi utilizado um cromatógrafo a gás com detector de captura de elétrons. Os resultados mostram que, de modo geral, a região do PETAR encontra-se impactada por Pb, Zn e Cu, principalmente nos sedimentos, com alto grau de contaminação. Foram também encontradas concentrações de compostos organoclorados acima do valores permissíveis.
Title in English
"Environmental diagnostic of soil and sediment from Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR)"
Keywords in English
environmental
metals
organochlorides compound
sediment
soil
Abstract in English
The Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR - located in the Vale do Ribeira de Iguape, distant 315 km from São Paulo, is one of the last preserved areas of Atlantic forest. It has an enormous diversity of fauna and flora. This is a region with a great complexity under the environmental point of view, so there are lot of conflicts referring to the land usage and occupation planning, once the region presents almost 40% of its territory blocked by force of what environmental legislation dispose, which since the 80’s decade, have created several environmental conservation units. However, about 30% of the PETAR occupied area are used for activities that are unsuitable to the preservation of this common wealth. These activities are represented basically by agriculture, mineral exploration, discharge of non treated domestic sewage and population expansion. The usage of organochlorine compounds in agriculture and intensive metal exploration in the region during years contaminated the ecosystem. In this way, the purpose of this work was to establish a methodology to evaluate the environment quality of the soil and sediment from PETAR region. Considering the economic characteristics of the region - agriculture, mining and ecotourism - the soil and sediment had been analyzed with respect to organochloride compounds and heavy metals. The evaluated metals had been lead, due to the problems with the mining and, in addition, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, aluminium, manganese and iron, having these been analyzed by atomic absorption. The organochloride compounds HCH, HCB and the PCBs had been evaluated. For its determination a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was used. The result shows that, in a general way, the PETAR region find impacted by Pb, Zn and Cu, mainly in the sediments, with high contamination intensity. Organochloride compound concentrations also had been found above the permissible values.
 
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Dissertacao_final.pdf (2.49 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2006-03-24
 
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