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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2001.tde-08122022-135418
Document
Author
Full name
Eduardo Salles de Oliveira Barra
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2000
Supervisor
Committee
Plastino, Caetano Ernesto (President)
Figueiredo, Vinicius Berlendis de
Loparic, Zeljko
Mariconda, Pablo Ruben
Silva, Franklin Leopoldo e
Title in Portuguese
De Newton a Kant: a metafísica e o método da ciência da natureza
Keywords in Portuguese
Filosofia moderna
Abstract in Portuguese
Uma leitura das filosofias dos sécs. XVII e XVIII no contexto dos problemas metafísicos e metodológicos colocados pela ciência newtoniana. Procura-se, inicialmente, reconstruir esse contexto a partir das tentativas de Newton, Clarke e Hume de esclarecer o estatuto ontológico e epistemológico das entidades teóricas envolvidas na teoria da gravitação universal, principalmente em resposta às críticas feitas por Leibniz. À luz desse contexto, analisa-se a filosofia transcendental de Kant, em particular as suas condições de uso e aplicação empírica, que lhe conferem o caráter de uma autêntica "metafísica da natureza". Mostra-se que a metafísica kantiana da natureza incorpora duas dimensões, formal e material; cada qual com uma função distinta na fundamentação dos princípios nomológicos e metodológicos da ciência da natureza: a primeira fundamenta o emprego de conceitos e princípios matemáticos e dinâmicos, enquanto a segunda fundamenta o emprego das máximas do método experimental. Discute-se o problema da unidade metodológica da ciência da natureza, em virtude da impossibilidade de unificação da metafísica da natureza.
Title in English
Not available
Keywords in English
Modern philosophy
Abstract in English
A study of the philosophies of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the context of metaphysical and methodological problems raised by Newtonian science. At the beginning, we look for a reconstruction of this context from the attempts of Newton, Clarke and Hume to clarify the ontological and epistemological status of theoretical entities involved in the theory of universal gravitation, mainly as an attempt of answering Leibniz's criticism. In the light of this context, we analyze Kant's transcendental philosophy, in particular its conditions of empirical use and application, which give it the character of an authentical "metaphysics of nature". We show that the Kantian metaphysics of nature embodies two dimensions, formal and material; each with a distinct function in the support of nomological and methodological principles of science of nature: the former grounds the use of mathematical and dynamical concepts and principles, while the latter grounds the use of maxims of experimental method. We upraise the problem of methodological unity of science of nature, in view of the impossibility of unifying the metaphysics of nature.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-12-08
 
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