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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2022.tde-16082023-145304
Document
Author
Full name
Felipe Faria Camargo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Cardoso, Sergio (President)
Casini, Maria Cecilia
Estevao, Jose Carlos
Souza, Newton Bignotto de
Title in Portuguese
O tratado Monarchia e a filosofia política de Dante Alighieri
Keywords in Portuguese
Dante
Filosofia do Direito
Filosofia Política
Império
Monarquia
Abstract in Portuguese
Tendo por objetivo compreender um capítulo importante na história da filosofia política, situado após a reapropriação das categorias do pensamento aristotélico e sua síntese com a teologia no século XIII e após a renovatio dos estudos do direito romano em Bolonha desde o século XII, na passagem do pensamento político tardo-medieval ao início do pensamento político renascentista e moderno, nossa investigação se volta para a obra Monarchia de Dante Alighieri, escrita em latim entre 1311 e 1313. Nesta, o filósofo Dante defendeu a submissão do conjunto do gênero humano a uma Monarquia universal, responsável por conduzir os homens à felicidade terrestre baseada nos ensinamentos dos filósofos, enquanto à Igreja caberia o papel de guia dos homens à felicidade celeste. Dois poderes, portanto, estabelecidos pela Divina Providência para remediar a situação dos homens e lhes permitir alcançar seus dois fins últimos (duo ultima), a beatitude nesta vida e no além-mundo. Importa-nos, sobretudo, realizar uma leitura interna do tratado e investigar como Dante constrói seus argumentos, cria novos conceitos e opera apropriações e rupturas com relação ao pensamento filosófico, jurídico e teológico do seu tempo, o que nos permite afirmar, com Étienne Gilson, que - se por um lado, seria inapropriado conceber o pensamento de Dante de modo a negligenciar seu caráter eminentemente cristão - o seu dualismo (com vistas, sempre, a um acordo harmônico) entre as ordens da Monarquia e da Igreja, Filosofia e Teologia, não se coaduna com nenhum outro pensamento do aristotelismo cristão de sua época, e aponta, como destaca Claude Lefort, para uma revaloração da filosofia voltada à "ação" e à política no princípio do século XIV.
Title in English
The Monarchia treatise and Dante's political philosophy
Keywords in English
Dante
Empire
Monarchy
Philosophy of Law
Political Philosophy
Abstract in English
Aiming to understand an important chapter in the history of political philosophy, located after the reappropriation of the categories of Aristotelian thought and their synthesis with theology in the thirteenth century and the renovation of studies of Roman law in Bologna since the twelfth century, as well as in the passage of late-medieval to the beginning of Renaissance and modern political thought, our investigation turns to the treatise Monarchia by Dante Alighieri, written in Latin between 1311 and 1313. In it, the philosopher Dante defended the submission of the human race as a whole to an universal Monarchy, responsible for leading men to earthly happiness based on the teachings of philosophers, while the Church would have the role of guiding men to heavenly happiness. Two powers, therefore, established by Divine Providence to remedy the situation of men and enable them to reach their two ultimate ends (duo ultima), beatitude in this life and in the afterlife. Above all, we will carry out an internal reading of the treatise and investigate how Dante builds his arguments, creates new concepts and operates appropriations and ruptures in relation to the philosophical, legal and theological thought of his time, which allows us to affirm, with Étienne Gilson, that - if on the one hand, it would be inappropriate to conceive Dante's thought in such a way as to neglect its eminently Christian character - its dualism (intended, always, to achieve a harmonious agreement) between the orders of the Monarchy and the Church, Philosophy and Theology, cannot be compared with any other Christian Aristotelian thought of his time, and indicates, as Claude Lefort points out, a revaluation of philosophy focused on "action" and politics at the beginning of the fourteenth century.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-16
 
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