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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2007.tde-24102007-150401
Document
Author
Full name
Marcelo Alves Ferreira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Mariconda, Pablo Ruben (President)
Ades, Cesar
Lorenzano, Pablo Julio
Paty, Michel Henri Lucien Georges
Ramos, Mauricio de Carvalho
Title in Portuguese
Transformismo e extinção: de Lamarck a Darwin
Keywords in Portuguese
Biologia
Darwin
Evolução
Extinção
Lamarck
Abstract in Portuguese
A teoria da descendência com modificação de Darwin, que explica a origem de espécies através da seleção natural, é considerada um marco na história da ciência. A possibilidade de unificação de toda a biologia e a mudança que ela trouxe para nossos valores e para a nossa compreensão da posição da humanidade no universo ainda causam um grande impacto na sociedade e na relação entre ciência e filosofia. O objetivo do presente estudo é compreender alguns aspectos dos desenvolvimentos da ciência que antecederam essa teoria. Dois elementos foram estabelecidos como referências para essa análise: a teoria de Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, a mais importante a propor o conceito da transformação das espécies antes de Darwin e o problema científico da explicação da extinção. As várias teorias elaboradas para dar conta da diversidade de espécies na Terra, bem como para explicar o fenômeno da extinção são discutidas através das obras de Georges Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire e Richard Owen. Nessas teorias, as questões da adaptação e das noções teleológicas são destacadas devido à sua relação com o problema da extinção. A abordagem de Darwin para o problema da extinção é discutida em sua relação com o conceito de seleção natural e com o conceito de adaptação defendido pela teologia natural britânica.
Title in English
Transformation and extinction: from Lamarck to Darwin
Keywords in English
Biology
Darwin
Evolution
Extinction
Lamarck
Abstract in English
Darwin's theory of descent with modification, which explains the origin of species by natural selection, is considered a milestone in the history of science. The possibility of unification of the entire field of biology and the changes that it brought to our values and to our understanding of the position of mankind in the universe are still causing great impact in society and in the relationship between science and philosophy. The aim of this study is to understand some aspects of the developments of science that preceded this theory. Two elements were established as references for this analysis: the theory of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the most important work proposing the concept of transformation of species before Darwin, and the scientific problem of the explanation of extinction. The several theories elaborated to account for the diversity of species on Earth as well as to explain the phenomenon of extinction are discussed through the works of Georges Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Richard Owen. Within these theories, the issues of adaptation and teleological notions are stressed because of their connection to the problem of extinction. Darwin's approach to the problem of extinction is discussed for its relation to the concept of natural selection and to the concept of adaptation defended by the british natural theology.
 
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Publishing Date
2007-10-25
 
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