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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.81.2009.tde-22022011-115248
Document
Author
Full name
Daniele Torralbo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Marcondes, Maria Eunice Ribeiro (President)
Abreu, Daniela Gonçalves de
Galiazzi, Maria do Carmo
Title in Portuguese
O tema água no ensino: a visão de pesquisadores e de professores de Química
Keywords in Portuguese
água
ensino de química
especialistas
professores
Abstract in Portuguese
O tema "água" tem sido considerado importante no ensino da química, pois permite ao professor problematizar situações importantes para que os alunos a interpretem, de maneira que os conceitos químicos possam auxiliar no entendimento de problemas, propiciando assim, a formação de um estudante responsável. A presente pesquisa buscou investigar como os professores de Química do Ensino Médio abordam esse tema em suas aulas, e conhecer as visões de especialistas sobre os conhecimentos relevantes que a sociedade, de maneira geral, deveria ter sobre a água, bem como o que deveria ser ensinado dessa temática na escola. Os dados foram coletados entre 6 pesquisadores em Química Ambiental QA, 6 em Química das águas QAG, 5 em Educação Ambiental EA e 8 em Ensino de Química EQ, e 10 professores de Química do Ensino Médio. Utilizou-se um questionário para os pesquisadores em QA, QAG e EA e outro para os EQ. Os professores foram entrevistados. A análise dos dados foi feita de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da análise de conteúdo e foram construídas tramas de conhecimentos. As categorias elaboradas dizem respeito a três dimensões de análise: conhecimentos, atitudes e à abordagem do tema. Ainda procurou-se identificar com que visões sobre o ambiente a temática água deveria ser abordada. Para os pesquisadores em ensino de Química EQ, outras dimensões foram utilizadas em função das diferentes questões a eles propostas. Assim, as dimensões dizem respeito à importância, à abordagem e aos conhecimentos considerados importantes para o ensino. Os pesquisadores em QA, QAG, EA apontaram que a sociedade deveria ter conhecimentos sobre: saúde, usos, qualidade, vida e recurso; que este tema deveria ser objeto de estudo ou tratado com exemplificação de conceitos químicos e ainda que devam ser desenvolvidas atitudes, individuais ou coletivas sobre o tema. Os especialistas em EQ apontam a importância desse tema em termos da sustentabilidade, do recurso e da vida. Alguns indicam que o tema deve ser tratado como um tema estruturante e interdisciplinar.Os dados da entrevista dos professores foram analisados procurando-se comparar suas declarações sobre os conteúdos abordados e as metodologias de ensino empregadas com as tramas de conhecimentos elaboradas com as visões dos pesquisadores. Também, a partir das entrevistas, foram construídos mapas conceituais que relacionam conteúdos e abordagens do tema. Verificamos que a maioria dos professores trata a temática da água por meio de descrições conceituais ou apenas exemplificações. Poucos abordam a água como um objeto de estudo e, quando o fazem, se restringem, principalmente, ao tratamento e a qualidade da água. Assuntos considerados importantes pelos pesquisadores, como saúde, vida e sustentabilidade não são abordados pelos professores. De maneira geral, a água é introduzida na seqüência habitual de conteúdos ministrados, embora enfocando aspectos que consideram socialmente contextualizados.
Title in English
The subject of water in education: the vision of researchers and chemistry teachers
Keywords in English
chemistry teaching
researchers
teachers
water
Abstract in English
The subject "water" has been considered important in chemistry teaching as it allows teachers to propose problems that let the students to investigate and to interpret some situations that demand the use of chemical concepts. Such a study may provide opportunities for the students not only understand and solve the proposed problems but also to develop a critical and responsible posture. This research sought to be acquainted how the high school chemistry teachers deal with this subject in classroom, the vision of experts about the relevant knowledge that the society in general should have about water as well as what should be taught about this subject in school and. Data were collected among 6 researchers in Environmental Chemistry EC, 6 in Water Chemistry WAC, 5 in Environmental Education EE and 8 in Chemistry Teaching CT and 10 high school chemistry teachers. A questionnaire was used for EC, WAC and EE researchers and another one for CT. The teachers were interviewed. Data analysis was carried out in accordance with theoretical and methodological assumptions of syllabus analysis and threads of knowledge were built. The categories are related to three dimensions: knowledge, attitude and subject approach. Furthermore, an attempt was made to identify the environmental perspective, which the subject "water" should be approached. For researchers in Chemistry teaching, other dimensions of analysis were used because of the different issues proposed to them. Thus, these dimensions are concerned with the importance, subject approach and knowledge considered essential for teaching. Researchers in EC, WAC, and EE recommended that society should have knowledge about health, use, quality, life and resources and that this subject should be object of study or treated with exemplification of chemical concepts. They also pointed out that the teaching should contribute to develop individual and collective attitudes concerning the responsible use of water. The experts in CT pointed out the importance of this subject in terms of sustainability, resource and life. Some of them indicated that the subject should be treated as a structuring and interdisciplinary subject. The teachers' interview data were analyzed seeking to compare their declarations about the topics taught and the teaching methodologies used with the threads of knowledge created by the vision of researchers. Besides that, based on the interviews, conceptual maps were produced connecting the syllabus with the approaches to the subject. We realized that most teachers deal with the subject of -water by means of conceptual descriptions or just exemplifications. A few of them deal with water as an object of study and, when they do it, they limit themselves mainly to water treatment and quality. Subjects considered important by researchers, such as health, life and sustainability are not approached by teachers. Generally speaking, water is introduced in the customary sequence of topics to be taught, however focusing on aspects that they consider socially contextualized.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-03-28
 
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