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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2023.tde-01112023-144835
Document
Author
Full name
Renan Rodrigues de Oliveira Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Palma, Mauri Sergio Alves (President)
Carvalho, Joao Carlos Monteiro de
Silva, Mauricio Marques Pinto da
Vianna Junior, Ardson dos Santos
Title in Portuguese
Síntese da Pioglitazona e Lobeglitazona em batelada e microrreator capilar
Keywords in Portuguese
Batelada
Fluxo contínuo
Lobeglitazona
Microrreatores
Pioglitazona
Abstract in Portuguese
Síntese em fluxo em microrreatores é uma alternativa ao processo em batelada e vem sendo incorporada à indústria químico-farmacêutica nos últimos anos devido às suas vantagens, particularmente à intensificação de processos, que pode levar à redução do tempo para um novo medicamento ser colocado no mercado. As glitazonas são uma classe de fármacos que combatem principalmente o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, uma das maiores preocupações na área da saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a transposição da síntese dos fármacos Pioglitazona (Actos®) e Lobeglitazona (Duvie®) do processo batelada para o processo em fluxo em microrreator capilar, indicar uma equivalência de ambos os processos pelo número de microrreatores em paralelo (nMR) e determinar parâmetros cinéticos e termodinâmicos de cada etapa das reações. Adicionalmente buscou-se determinar os mecanismos reacionais de cada etapa da síntese destes fármacos pelo uso do software Gaussian 09®. Os resultados obtidos para as reações intermediárias da síntese do Pioglitazona, 2-(5-etilpiridin-2-il)etilmetanosulfonato (2P) e (Z)-5-(4-(2-(5-etilpiridin-2-il)etoxi)benzilideno)tiazolidina-2,4-diona (4P) atingiram rendimentos de 66 e 85,3% e nMR = 4,4 e 2, a 25 e 120°C, respectivamente, no processo em fluxo, já 4-(2-(5-etilpiridin-2-il)etoxi)benzaldeído (3P) e Pioglitazona atingiram 54% e 100%, a 25°C em batelada. Uma nova rota de síntese deste fármaco foi desenvolvida e solicitada patente (BR 10 2021 006604 0). Para Lobeglitazona, 4-cloro-6-(4-metoxfenoxi)pirimidina (1L), 2-[[6-(4-metoxifenoxi)pirimidin-4-il](metilamino]etan-1-ol (2L) e 5-[4-(2-{[6-(4- metoxifenoxi)pirimidin-4-il]metilamino}etoxi)benzilideno]tiazolidina-2,4-diona (4L) atingiram rendimentos de 28, 61 e 32%, nMR = 1,4, 0,8 e 2,5, a 25, 160 e 120°C, respectivamente em fluxo, enquanto 4-(2-((6-(4-metoxifenil)pirimidin-4-il)(metil)amino)etoxi)benzaldeído (3L) e Lobeglitazona atingiram 73 e 100%, a 60 e 25°C, respectivamente, no processo batelada. Foram determinados todos os parâmetros cinéticos e termodinâmicos das reações de formação dos produtos intermediários de ambos os fármacos. Os resultados indicam que a transposição de ambas as sínteses do processo batelada para fluxo em microrreatores podem ser vantajosas em escala industrial.
Title in English
Synthesis of Pioglitazone and Lobeglitazone in batch and capillary microreactor
Keywords in English
Batch
Continuous flow
Lobeglitazone
Microreactors
Pioglitazone
Abstract in English
Flow synthesis in microreactors is an alternative to the batch process and has been incorporated into the chemical-pharmaceutical industry in recent years due to its advantages, particularly the process intensification, which can lead to a reduction in the time for a new drug to be placed the market. Glitazones are a drug class that mainly fight type 2 diabetes mellitus, one of the biggest concern in the health area. This work aimed to transpose the synthesis of Pioglitazone (Actos®) and Lobeglitazone (Duvie®) from batch to flow process in a capillary microreactor, indicating equivalence of both processes by the number of microreactors in parallel (nMR) and determine kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of each step of both reactions. Additionally, we sought to determine the reaction mechanisms of each stage of the synthesis of these drugs using the Gaussian 09® software. Additionally, determining the reaction mechanisms of each step of both synthesis pathways of these drugs using the Gaussian 09® software. The results obtained for the intermediate reactions of the synthesis of Pioglitazone, 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2- yl)ethylmethanesulfonate (2P) and (Z)-5-(4-(2-(5-ethylpyridin-2- yl)ethoxy)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (4P) reached yields of 66 and 85.3% and nMR = 4.4 and 2 at 25 and 120°C, respectively, in flow process, while 4-(2-(5-ethylpyridin-2- yl)ethoxy)benzaldehyde (3P) and Pioglitazone reached 54% and 100% at 25? in batch. A new synthesis route for this drug was developed and patented (BR 10 2021 006604 0). For Lobeglitazone, 4-chloro-6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine (1L), 2-[[6-(4- methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl](methylamino]ethan-1-ol (2L) and 5-[4-(2-{[6-(4- methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]methylamino}ethoxy)benzylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione (4L) achieved yields of 28, 61 and 32% nMR = 1. 4, 0.8 and 2.5 at 25, 160 and 120°C respectively in flow, while 4-(2-((6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4- yl)(methyl)amino)ethoxy)benzaldehyde (3L) and Lobeglitazone reached 73 and 100% at 60 and 25°C, respectively, in batch process. All kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the intermediate product reactions of both drugs were determined. The results indicate that the transposition of both syntheses from the batch to flow process in microreactors can be advantageous on an industrial scale.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-12-07
 
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