• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.1974.tde-20240301-152724
Document
Author
Full name
José Vargas de Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 1973
Supervisor
Title in Portuguese
Toxicidade de inseticidas organo-fosforados para larvas de Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) e avaliação dos seus resíduos em alface (Lactuca sativa L.), couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) e almeirão (Chicorium intybus L.).
Keywords in Portuguese
AEDES AEGYPTILARVAS
ALFACE
ALMEIRÃO
COUVE
INSETICIDAS ORGANOFOFSFORADOS
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente investigação trata do estudo da suscetibilidade de larvas do 4º instar de A.aegypti a inseticidas organo-fosforados e determinação dos seus depósitos ou resíduos em plantas de alface, couve e almeirão. Inicialmente, preparou-se soluções-padrão dos inseticidas técnicos, diclorvos, mevinfos, paratiom metílico, paratiom etílico, fentoato, diazinom e malatiom em acetona destilada, diluindo-as, a seguir, no mesmo solvente, a fim de obter-se concentrações variáveis e conhecidas destes produtos. Posteriormente, submetia-se 20 larvas da população experimental a níveis crescentes dos inseticidas, em soluções aquosas de 100 ml, aproximadamente. Adotou-se o critério de mortalidade na avaliação da resposta fisiológica do organismo. A partir das percentagens de mortalidade obtidas, após 24 horas, traçou-se as curvas dosagem x mortalidade, através de regressão linear, conforme BLISS (1953). A toxicidade dos inseticidas para o organismo estudado, baseou-se nos valores LC50, obedecendo a seguinte ordem decrescente: paratiom, metílico, paratiom etílico, fentoato, diclorvos, mevinfos, malatiom e diazinom. Em plantas de alface, couve e almeirão, pertencentes as variedades Babá, Manteiga e Folha Larga, respectivamente, procedeu-se 3 pulverizações, espaçadas de 7 dias, 25 dias antes da colheita, em Piracicaba-São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se 7 tratamentos e 2 repetições, em conformidade ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Empregou-se os seguintes inseticidas, com as quantidades tóxicas expressas em p.a/ha, para cada aplicação: a) diclorvos C.E. 10096 2.550 ml; b) mevinfos S.C. 25%. 1.220 ml; c) paratiom metílico C.E. 60% 1.430 ml; d) paratiom etilico C.E. 60% 820 ml; e) fentoato C.E. 50% 3.060 ml; f) diazinom P.M. 40% 1.770 g; g) malatiom C.E. 50% J.740 ml. Avaliou-se níveis de depósitos ou resíduos em amostras de 50 g de folhas, colhidas logo em seguida ao último tratamento e com 1 dia, 3, 7 e 14 dias depois. O método analítico adotado, baseou-se na técnica proposta por LAUG (1946), com algumas modificações. Estudos da influência de materiais co-extraídos e cálculo dos fatores de correção foram efetuados com amostras-testemunha, coletadas de canteiros separados. Nas condições do ensaio, a bio-análise em referência determinou os intervalos de segurança, a seguir: a) alface - 1 e 7 dias, respectivamente, para malatiom e paration etílico; b) couve - 3 dias, respectivamente, para malatiom, paration metílico e paration etílico; c) almeirão - 1 e 3 dias, respectivamente, para malathion e paration etílico. Nos casos de paration metílico em alface e almeirão, mevinfos e diazinon nas três hortaliças, será necessária limpeza dos extratos para o emprego conveniente deste ou de outro método biológico, a fim de se estabelecer períodos de carência precisos. Para diclorvos e fentoato, dada a inexistência de limites de tolerância reconhecidos pelas leis brasileiras, não se pôde estabelecer estes intervalos de segurança. Entretanto, o método analítico revelou-se satisfatório para análises de resíduos de fentoato nas três hortaliças empregada.
Abstract in English
The present research deals with the study of susceptibility of 4th instar A. aegypti larvae to organic-phosphate insecticides and determination of their, deposits or residues on the foliage of lettuce, kale and wild chicory. Initially, standard solutions of technical insecticides dichlorvos, mevinphos, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, phenthoate, diazinon and malathion were prepared in diluted acetone. Then, these solutions were diluted in the same solvent in. order to obtain variable and pre-determined concentrations of these products. Subsequently, 20 larvae of the experimental population were submitted to increasing levels of the insecticides, in aqueous solutions at 100 ml, approximately. The criterion of mortality was adopted in the evaluation of the physiological response of the organism. The dosage x mortality curves were drawn from the percentages of mortality obtained after 24 hours, through linear regression as in BLISS (1953). The toxicity of the insecticides for the organism studied was based on the values LC50, in decreasing order: methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, phenthoate, dichlorvos, mevinphos, malathion and diazinon. Three spray applications, spaced at 7-day intervals, 25 days before harvest, were conducted on the foliage of lettuce, kale, and wild chicory (Babá, Manteiga and Folha Larga varieties, respectively) in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Seven treatments and 2 repetitions were utilized, according to experimental delineation, entirely randomized. The following insecticides, with toxic quantities expressed in active ingredient/ha, were employed for each application: a) dichlorvos EC 100% 2.550 ml; b) mevinphos CS 24% 1.220 ml; c) methyl parathion EC 60% 1.430 ml; d) ethyl parathion EC 60% 820 ml; e) phenthoate EC 50% 3.060 ml; f) diazinon WP 40% 1.770 g; g) malathion EC 50% 3.740 ml. Deposit or residue levels were determined in 50 g samples of leaves, collected immediately after last treatment, and also after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. The analytical method adopted was based on a technique proposed by LAUG (1946), with some modifications. Studies of the influence of materials co-extracted and correction factors were made with control samples, collected in separate plots. Under trial conditions, the bioassay, in reference, was determined by the following safety intervals: a) lettuce - 1 and 7 days, for malathion and ethyl parathion, respectively; b) kale - 3 days for each malathion, methyl parathion and ethyl parathion; c) wild chicory - 1 and 3 days, for malathion and ethyl parathion, respectively. In the cases of methyl parathion on lettuce and wild chicory, mevinphos and diazinon on the three vegetables, it will be necessary to effect clean-up of the extracts for the satisfactory employment of this or other biological methods, in order to establish precise periods from treatment to harvest. Due to the fact that Brazilian laws do not set tolerance limits for dichlorvos and phenthoate it was not possible to stablish safety intervals. However, the analytical method proved to be satisfactory for analysis residues of phenthoate in the three vegetables employed.
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
725586.pdf (6.13 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2024-03-14
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.