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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2009.tde-07122009-143739
Document
Author
Full name
Vladimir Dias Rogovschi
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Villavicencio, Anna Lucia Casañas Haasis (President)
Correa, Benedito
Silva, Leonardo Gondim de Andrade e
Title in Portuguese
Degradação por radiação de resíduos biológicos (aflatoxinas) produzidos em laboratório de alimentos
Keywords in Portuguese
Aflatoxina
Aspergillus flavus
Irradiação.
Abstract in Portuguese
Muitos fungos filamentosos podem produzir metabólitos secundários, denominados micotoxinas, podendo ser encontradas em produtos alimentícios e produtos agrícolas. Um dos principais gêneros de fungos micotoxigênicos relacionados à cadeia alimentar é o Aspergillus spp. Existem mais de 400 micotoxinas descritas na literatura, sendo as mais comuns as aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2. As micotoxinas são frequentemente encontradas em alimentos e são consideradas como um dos mais perigosos contaminantes, sendo a aflatoxina B1 classificada no Grupo 1 pela International Agency of Research on Cancer. As aflatoxinas são termorresistentes, resistindo por mais de uma hora em autoclave, fazendo-se necessário outro meio de degradação dessas toxinas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar os efeitos da radiação gama de 60Co e de feixes de elétrons na degradação das aflatoxinas e comparar os danos causados na morfologia do fungo Aspergillus flavus. O fungo foi cultivado em agar batata dextrose (PDA) por 10 dias e posteriormente foi transferido para o meio agar coco, sendo mantido por 14 dias à 25 °C. Após esta etapa o agar coco foi triturado até se tornar um meio pastoso homogêneo e foi irradiado com doses de 2,5, 5,0, 10 e 20 kGy. As amostras utilizadas na microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram irradiadas com as doses de 0, 2,5, 5,0, 10 e 20 kGy com fontes de 60Co e de feixes de elétrons. A irradiação com acelerador de elétrons apresentou uma degradação ligeiramente superior à radiação gama, reduzindo 29,93 %, 34,50 %, 52,63 % e 72,30 % para as doses de 2,5, 5,0, 10 e 20 kGy, respectivamente. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura demonstrou que as doses de 2,5 até 10 kGy não causaram danos no fungo, porém com a dose de 20 kGy pode-se observar danos nas estruturas fúngicas.
Title in English
RADIATION DEGRADATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE (AFLATOXINS) PRODUCED IN FOOD LABORATORY
Keywords in English
Aflatoxina
Aspergillus flavus
Irradiação.
Abstract in English
Many filamentous fungi can produce secondary metabolites, called mycotoxins, which can be found in food and agricultural products. One of the main genera of mycotoxigenic fungi related to the food chain is the Aspergillus spp. There are over 400 mycotoxins described in the literature, the most common the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The mycotoxins are commonly found in foods and are considered one of the most dangerous contaminants. The aflatoxin B1 is classified in group one by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Aflatoxins resisting for more than one hour in autoclave making it necessary to other means of degradation of these toxins. This work aimed to observe the effects of gamma radiation of 60Co and electron beams in the degradation of aflatoxins and compare the damage caused on the morphology of the Aspergillus flavus. The fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 10 days and was subsequently transferred to coconut agar medium, and maintained for 14 days at 25 °C. After this step the coconut agar was ground to become a homogeneous pasty and was irradiated with doses of 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 kGy. The samples used in scanning electron microscopy were irradiated with doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 kGy with sources of 60Co and electron beams. Irradiation with electron accelerator showed a slightly higher degradation to gamma radiation, reducing 29.93 %, 34.50 %, 52.63 % and 72.30 % for doses of 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 kGy, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that doses of 2.5 to 10 kGy did not cause damage to the fungus, but with a dose of 20 kGy it can be observed fungal damage to structures. SUMÁRIO
 
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Publishing Date
2011-08-01
 
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